tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-38535981505387473032023-07-17T22:07:28.902-07:00Writing essay serviceXhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12583708789555234926noreply@blogger.comBlogger68125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3853598150538747303.post-74162800770209761432020-08-27T06:59:00.001-07:002020-08-27T06:59:13.765-07:00One Day, A Woman Called Herself Want The Truth In Westport Wrote To EAt some point, a lady called herself ?Want the Truth in Westport? kept in touch with a writer with an inquiry that she needed to have the replied. ?It would be ideal if you discover without a doubt,? she asked the feature writer, ?regardless of whether Oprah Winfrey has had a facelift.? The feature writer wouldn't address the inquiry for Ms. Winfrey's security. I'm upset by this occurrence. I believe it's extremely dreadful to be a superstar since the person is consistently in the open eyes. Since they are big names, they have too little protection, an excess of weight, and no wellbeing. They have exceptionally distressing lives. Presumably the most notable impact of being VIPs is that they don't have the security that typical individuals have. Their most close to home detail lives are everywhere throughout the front of pages of the Globe so exhausted individuals can understand them. Indeed, even a VIP's family is placed into the spotlight. Like a young child's capture for pot ownership or a spouse's drinking issue turns into the subject of features. Likewise, big names are nagged by picture takers at homes, eateries, and roads. Those photographic artists simply want to get an image of a Cindy Crawford in stylers or a Bruce Wills drinking a brew. At the point when big names attempt to accomplish something that typical individuals do, as eat out or go to watch a football match-up, they need to show the danger of being hindered to auto diagram dogs or fans. The way that VIPs' physical appearance is consistently under perception caused them under steady tension. Particularly for those well known ladies who need to experience the ill effects of the individuals' spotlight, similar to ?she truly looks old? or then again the ? she gains weight?. In addition, picture takers need to get unflattering pictures of VIPs since they can be sold by a high prize. Subsequently, this expands the strain to drive famous people to look great constantly The most significant impact of being VIPs is they should manage the pressure of being in steady peril. Those agreeable gets, embraces, and kisses of fans can rapidly into uncontrolled ambushes on big names' bodies and vehicles. Superstars frequently get unusual letters from individuals who become fixated on them or from individuals who take steps to hurt them. To top it all off, dangers can transform into genuine to hurt famous people. The endeavor to execute Ronald Reagan and the homicide of John Lennon is on the grounds that two individuals attempted to move the superstar's acclaim to themselves. A few people fantasy about being big names, and their names in light, and their photos on the front of magazines. I'm not one of them, however. A celebrated individual surrenders private life, feels constrained constantly, and is rarely totally sheltered. Along these lines, let another person have that main story. I'd preferably lead a typical, yet mollusk, life than a pressure filled big name. Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12583708789555234926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3853598150538747303.post-9554460829817390292020-08-22T11:02:00.001-07:002020-08-22T11:02:28.002-07:00Surviving a Patrol Strike Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 wordsEnduring a Patrol Strike - Case Study Example Notwithstanding, direct relapse necessitates that one of the two factors be fixed, which is conceivable in the present situation. The yellow line (for fines) is genuinely simple to manage. On the off chance that we kill the fake blip of Christmas week and strike the unmistakable exception (Week 8) from the information, a pattern shows up. Smoothing would take out the quicker spike directly before Christmas, just as the blip for the week when there were no fines, on account of no authorization. After some time, the vehicle park's traffic gives off an impression of being proceeding to rise, in any event, figuring in the occasional impacts of the Christmas shopping surge. This expansion is prompting altogether higher incomes for stopping charges in the weeks paving the way to Christmas. In any case, both the higher changes in the prior weeks Christmas and the lower results after Christmas don't propose a business in a tough situation: rather they recommend a business that is in a profoundly serious industry, City Center Car-Park's piece of the pie has all the earmarks of being developing, regardless of whether we smooth out the increments related with the bigger number of Christmastime customers. As will happen every so often in the work advertise, the staff who are answerable for working the vehicle leave have taken steps to stroll off the activity after week 23. Since this staff is answerable for ensuring oneself compensation machines are bolted and for watching the parcel and giving fines, this could significantly affect the vehicle park's incomes. While all things considered, individuals would at present compensation the machines, the topic of requirement and assortment would be a clingy one. It is conceivable to utilize time-arrangement examination to make sense of the surmised impact of such a walkout on the incomes of the vehicle leave. The major presumption of time arrangement examination is that the information being considered contain an efficient example, hindered by mistake, or arbitrary commotion, which can make the example hard to track down. Fruitful time-arrangement investigation removes the arbitrary clamor from the circumstance however much as could be expected. Most of time-arrangement designs comprise of one of two fundamental sorts: pattern and regularity. Pattern alludes to a straight or nonlinear part that experiences change after some time and doesn't rehash inside the time used by the model. Regularity is a littler form of pattern, since it speaks to a cycle that rehashes itself inside the time used by the model. A lot of information may contain both pattern of regularity. A typical model would be retail deals, which may develop from year to year however may likewise be handily anticipated to spike around the Christmas season inside every year (Time Series Analysis 2002). While there is no settled or demonstrated approach to discover pattern parts inside a lot of time-arrangement information, patterns are genuinely easy to distinguish, as long as they reliably move toward some path. At the point when a lot of information is considered to contain a lot of mistake, however, the initial step is to attempt a procedure called smoothing. This comprises of averaging information inside the set with the objective of counterbalancing the individual information that don't fit inside the current framework. The most widely recognized way that smoothing happens includes moving normal smoothing. In this procedure, every thing of information in an arrangement is supplanted by the basic or weighted normal of n encompassing bits of information, where n is characterized as the width of the window utilized for Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12583708789555234926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3853598150538747303.post-41958140691259868632020-08-21T08:44:00.001-07:002020-08-21T08:44:22.846-07:00Indiana Supreme Court Deems Predatory Rent-to-Own Agreement Unlawful - OppLoansIndiana Supreme Court Deems Predatory Rent-to-Own Agreement Unlawful - OppLoans Indiana Supreme Court Deems Predatory Rent-to-Own Agreement Unlawful Indiana Supreme Court Deems Predatory Rent-to-Own Agreement UnlawfulBy Lindsay FrankelInside Subprime: December 4A recent Indiana Supreme Court decision nullified a rent-to-own agreement that caused repeated evictions for an east-side Indianapolis couple and called into question the legality of similar contracts. Critics say such contracts target low-income buyers with predatory terms, while proponents maintain that rent-to-own agreements provide access to housing for people who canât get a home loan from a traditional bank.In 2013, Katrina Carter and her then-husband signed a 30-year agreement with a realty firm that would let the couple become owners of a North Oakland Avenue home after making monthly rental payments for two years. Typically, landlords have a legal requirement to maintain the habitability of a residence, but because Carter and her husband had essentially agreed to a land-sale contract that would allow them to become owners, that requirement seemed to be waived. A t the same time, the couple could be evicted if they failed to make on-time payments.The couple could not afford to have the house inspected, and after agreeing to the terms found that the house lacked electricity and plumbing. Though Rainbow sent a handyman to help with repairs, court documents showed he did not seem cut out for the job. And because the couple had to pay for an Extended Stay motel room and storage unit while the repairs took place, they quickly fell into financial distress. They received an eviction notice even though they didnât yet live in their home. After agreeing to pay $200 weekly, which increased their monthly payment, the eviction claim was dropped.To save money, the couple moved into the unfinished house and began making repairs themselves with some help from the handyman. But in November of 2014, when they were unable to make a payment, the realty firm tried to evict the couple a second time. They were forced to increase their monthly payment again, lea ving them with little income to fix the house or plan for emergencies.In March 2015, the realty firm filed a third eviction claim. Carter and her husband appealed a small-claims decision that let the realty firm take possession of the property and filed a counterclaim of âfraud, breach of contract, and failure to meet landlord obligations,â according to IndyStar. The case went all the way up to the Indiana Supreme Court, which deemed the contract unlawful.Even though the Indiana Supreme Court said the realty firms actions werenât deceptive and the couple agreed to the terms, the contract didnât hold up under the law because it didnât protect the coupleâs right to live in a habitable home. And while the decision doesnât make anything illegal or throw out rent-to-own contracts altogether, it does put forth that the owner is required to fulfill the duties of a landlord until such a time as the title is transferred to the renters. That includes providing a safe and clean r esidence with working electrical and plumbing systems.Rent-to-own contracts have been around for decades but became popular after the housing crisis, igniting controversy over predatory lending. Like payday loans, rent-to-own contracts are criticized for putting vulnerable borrowers at risk. A lawsuit brought against the same realty firm in 2017 accused the business of âreverse redliningâ in an unprecedented case. The realty firm owner claimed their goal was to revitalize poor communities rather than target minorities.But according to Fair Housing Executive Director Amy Nelson, the realty firms contracts were inconsistent with that claim. Aspiring homeowners would not be served by confusing agreements that allowed the firm to keep landlord privileges without providing a habitable residence.For more information on scams, predatory lenders and payday loans, see our city and state financial guides including states and cities like California, Florida, Illinois, Texas and more.Visi t OppLoans on YouTube | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedIn Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12583708789555234926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3853598150538747303.post-35550449179097177852020-05-25T10:58:00.001-07:002020-05-25T10:58:04.039-07:00Investment Pattern On The Basis of Risk Profile of Investors - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 923 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Management Essay Level High school Tags: Profile Essay Did you like this example? All in all, to put is to disseminate cash in the desire for some advantage later on for instance, interest in strong merchandise, in land by the administration business, in industrial facilities for assembling, in item improvement, and in innovative work. Notwithstanding, this article centers particularly around interest in money related resources. In fund, the advantage from speculation is known as an arrival. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Investment Pattern On The Basis of Risk Profile of Investors" essay for you Create order The arrival may comprise of a benefit from the offer of property or a venture, or speculation salary including profits, interests, rental pay and so forth., or a blend of the two. The anticipated monetary return is the suitably limited estimation of things to come returns. Financial specialists for the most part expect higher comes back from more hazardous ventures. When we make an okay venture, the arrival is additionally for the most part low. Financial specialists, especially tenderfoots, are regularly encouraged to embrace a specific venture methodology and broaden their portfolio. Broadening has the factual impact of decreasing generally speaking danger. Individuals contribute their cash for creating great returns. Yet, in this venture some sort of hazard included all speculators have distinctive states of mind towards hazard with regards to contributing, it is critical to consider the hazard profile or resistance deliberately including how agreeable financial specialists are wi th conceivable the hazard profile of speculators relies on their statistic structures or attributes. The undertaking manages the breaking down the speculation design based on hazard profile of financial specialists at SHAREKHAN PVT LTD. Whats more, what are the hazard factors that impact the kind of venture made by people. As we as a whole realize that each individual who needs to increase better returns in future they should need to put their cash in securities exchange or anyplace else. This investigation portrays the speculation design use by various people while doing interest in securities exchange remembering. The primary motivation to pick this examination is to discover the speculation design conduct in regard of their hazard bearing limit and this exploration causes the organization to focus on the financial specialists as indicated by their hazard capacity. The issue which has been distinguished that the majority of the financial specialists are not prepared to go for broke in desires in exceptional yields. There is a solid relationship in speculation examples and hazard bearing limit of speculators while doing the venture. Speculation valuation Free income estimates the money an organization produces which is accessible to its obligation and value financial specialists, subsequent to taking into consideration reinvestment in working capital and capital use. High and rising free income in this manner will in general make an organization more appealing to financial specialists. The obligation to-value proportion is a marker of capital structure. A high extent of obligation, reflected in a high obligation to-value proportion, will in general make an organizations without income, and eventually the profits to its speculators, more dangerous or unstable. Financial specialists contrast an organizations obligation with value proportion with those of different organizations in a similar industry, and inspect drifts owing debtors to-value proportions and free income. An upgrade of the P/E proportion that could enable you to valuate a stock is the PEG (value profit development) proportion. As a standard guideline, search for organiza tions with a PEG near 1.0, which infers that the markets desires depend on practical suspicions about the associations development prospects. Speculation example of speculators on various items in basic words venture implies purchasing securities or other fiscal or paper (monetary) resources in the currency markets or capital markets, or in genuinely fluid genuine resources, for example, gold as a speculation, land, or collectibles Sorts of venture Stocks Bond Money identical Stocks Organizations pitch offers of stock to fund-raise for start-up or development. When you put resources into stocks, youre purchasing an offer of proprietorship in a partnership. Youre an investor. There are two sorts of stock: 1. Normal stock Investors have a level of possession, have the privilege to cast a ballot on issues influencing the organization and may get profits. 2. Favored stock Investors are by and large qualified for profits at indicated interims and in foreordained sums, however they dont normally have casting a ballot rights. Venture returns and dangers for the two sorts of stocks fluctuate, contingent upon variables, for example, the economy, political scene, the organizations execution and other securities exchange factors. Bonds When you purchase a security, youre loaning cash to an organization or legislative substance, for example, a city, state or country. Bonds are issued for a set timeframe amid which intrigue installments are made to the bondholder. The measure of these installments relies upon the loan fee built up by the guarantor of the bond when the bond is issued. This is known as a coupon rate, which can be settled or variable. Toward the finish of the set timeframe (development date), the bond guarantor is required to reimburse the standard, or face esteem, of the bond (the first credit amount).Bonds are viewed as a more steady venture contrasted with stocks since they as a rule give a consistent stream of pay. But since theyre more steady, their long haul return most likely will be less when contrasted with stocks. Securities, be that as it may, can once in a while beat a specific stocks rate of return. Remember that securities are liable to various venture dangers including credit chance, reimbursement hazard and loan cost chance. Money comparable Money comparable ventures ensure your unique speculation and given you a chance to approach your cash. Precedents include: Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12583708789555234926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3853598150538747303.post-69671793479312654542020-05-14T17:52:00.001-07:002020-05-14T17:52:03.671-07:00Dissociative Identity Disorder A Condition Of Mystery Dissociative identity disorder is a condition of mystery that is not clearly understood because of its way of presenting in a patient. In this research article there will be in depth analysis of the condition that is so publically recognized by Hollywood but at times ignored by medical professionals. There will analysis of demographics and who is affected more; male or female will also be looked at closely. There will also be a review of what factors predispose individuals to Dissociative Identity Disorder, how it is diagnosed and how it being treated. The usual signs and symptoms will also be discussed and medical and surgical interventions. In this paper there will also be a review of complications and prognosis and nursing applicationâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The majority of patients with DID have memory gaps when a personality has taken over the primary personality. Some patients as being outside their body, or watching something take place in front of them that they cannot control describe depersonalization. Another sign is derealization which is when the patient may not recognize people such as friends and family. The most common sign is identity disturbances because the patient fears their alters because they have no control over them when they take over. They fear them because they have no control their actions and even some times even the host may be female or male the alter may identify as that opposite sex. The alters also may disrupt daily schedules or be ruthless, careless, promiscuous. It becomes obvious when a personality takes control over the host because the patients mannerisms change from body language, vocabulary, accents, style of dressing . What can often trigger personality changes is primarily stress and it can be any form of stress for some patients which can make debilitating because day to day tasks can become difficult if there are periods of amnesia for the patient. Not having control of the personalities is often times what is most difficult for such patients. There have been many studies associating DID attempted suicide for some the alters tend to get themShow MoreRelatedDissociative Identity Disorder : A Condition Of Mystery3089 Words à |à 13 PagesUnderstanding Dissociative Identity Disorder Introduction Dissociative identity disorder is a condition of mystery that is not clearly understood because of its way of presenting in a patient. In this research article there will be in depth analysis of the condition that is so publically recognized by Hollywood but at times ignored by medical professionals. There will analysis of demographics and who is affected more; male or female will also be looked at closely. There will also be a review of whatRead MoreShutter Island : Film Analysis Essay1721 Words à |à 7 Pages2010 film directed by Martin Scorsese. Starring Leonardo DiCaprio and Mark Ruffalo, this film is 138 minutes of psychological thrills and horror. Shutter Island covers the field of psychopathology. More specifically, it covers psychotic disorders, dissociative disorders, and treatment. Shutter Island is set in 1954 on Shutter Island, Massachusetts at the Ashecliffe Hospital for the criminally insane. The opening scene of the film is U.S. Marshals Edward Daniels and Chuck Aule arriving on Shutter IslandRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder : Multiple Personality Disorder Essay1859 Words à |à 8 PagesIntroduction Dissociative Identity Disorder, also known as Multiple Personality Disorder has intrigued a wide variety of individuals from psychiatrists, Hollywood directors and even teenagers dreaming of treating the disorder such as myself. DID, as abbreviated, is sometimes thought of as fake, this disorder has been proven an actual disorder and is described in the DSM-5. This paper will include a description of Dissociative Identity Disorder or DID, an exploration into the typical course of theRead MoreThe Child That Lives From Within1681 Words à |à 7 PagesNormanââ¬â¢s varying behaviour and role reversal, he has dissociative identity disorder (DID), also known as multiple personality disorder (Ellason, Ross, and Fuchs 255; Boysen 329). Contemporary studies suggest that DID comes from childhood trauma (Ellason, Ross, and Fuchs 255; Boysen 330). His identity confusion is rooted to his past and is made clear once he switches back and forth from himself and ââ¬Å"Motherâ⬠. Some argue that questioned identity is linked to a tampered prefrontal cortex that causesRead MoreThe Child That Lives From Within1611 Words à |à 7 Pagesself-awareness. Considering his varying behaviour and role reversal, Bates has dissociative identity disorder (DID), also known as multiple personality disorder. Contemporary studies suggest that DID comes from childhood trauma (Ellason, Ross, and Fuchs 255). His identity confusion being deeply rooted to his past is made clear once he switches back and forth from himself and ââ¬Å"Motherâ⬠. It is argued that his questioned identity is linked to a tampered prefrontal cortex that causes him to act abnormallyRead MoreMental State Of A Social Environment1254 Words à |à 6 Pagesself-awareness. Considering his varying behaviour and role reversal, Bates has dissociative identity disorder (DID), also known as multiple personality disorder. Contemporary studies suggest that DID comes from childhood trauma (Ellason, Ross, and Fuchs 255). H is identity confusion being deeply rooted to his past is made clear once he switches back and forth from himself and ââ¬Å"Motherâ⬠. It is argued that his questioned identity is linked to a tampered prefrontal cortex that causes him to act abnormallyRead More The Controversy Surrounding Multiple Personality Disorder Essay2499 Words à |à 10 PagesPersonality Disorder Multiple Personality Disorder is a condition that many people probably have not heard of. Among those who have heard of it, there are even less who actually know what it is. However, according to Piper (1997) there were about 6,000 cases diagnosed in North America alone in 1986. Some experts estimate that multiple personality disorder, or MPD, affects 5 to 10 percent of the population, or about 100 million people worldwide. For such a widespread disorder, the publicsRead MoreAcute Stress Disorder3168 Words à |à 13 PagesAcute Stress Disorder Brett D. Klawitter Liberty University Abstract Acute Stress Disorder or ASD is a phenomenon that happens during or shortly after a traumatic event. It can affect people in many different ways but it is usually debilitating for up to one month. There has been controversy and stigma attached to the diagnosis of ASD since it was first added to the DSM-IV. This paper will illustrate the definition of ASD, the diagnostic guidelines, the difference between ASD and Acute StressRead MorePsychological Disorders Essay1876 Words à |à 8 PagesThere are multiple criteria that come into play when determining a psychological disorder. One reason is because, it is hard to know for sure if an action is abnormal or not. Something could be abnormal in our country, but a custom in another. According to Psychology in Action, ââ¬Å"[r]ather than being fixed categories, both ââ¬Å"abnormalâ⬠and ââ¬Å"normalâ⬠behaviors exist along a continuum, and no single criterion is adequate for [i]dentifying all forms of abnormal behaviorâ⬠(Huffman). There are four criteriaRead MoreThe Impact Of Neuropsychology On The Christian Faith2470 Words à |à 10 Pagesare the symptoms of her recurring seizures. Sister John has temporal-lobe epilepsy and her doctor explains that it, ââ¬Å"tend[s] to be more psychologicalâ⬠(Salzman, 2000, p.68). Sister Johnââ¬â¢s spiritual episodes were presumably caused by her medical condition. So, were all of her spiritual encounters with God a lie? Was her faith a fabrication? The implication of these questions can be quite troubling for the Christian faith. Is God simply a manifestation created within our minds? Objects exist because Dissociative Identity Disorder A Condition Of Mystery Understanding Dissociative Identity Disorder Introduction Dissociative identity disorder is a condition of mystery that is not clearly understood because of its way of presenting in a patient. In this research article there will be in depth analysis of the condition that is so publically recognized by Hollywood but at times ignored by medical professionals. There will analysis of demographics and who is affected more; male or female will also be looked at closely. There will also be a review of what factors predispose individuals to Dissociative Identity Disorder, and how it is diagnosed. There will also be information of how the disorder is treated via therapy and medication. The usual signs and symptoms will also be discussed andâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The idea behind this is that alters were developed during the trauma as form to escape it and they evolved into personalities that followed them later in life it is a form of dissociating with the trauma and coping mechanism. This can occur as early as three years old because that is when the human brain starts developing memories (Haddock, 2001). The most common signs and symptoms experienced by patients with Dissociative identity disorder are amnesia and depersonalization. The amnesia in patients with DID is typically manifests with gaps in their memory often gaps in memory in their past or even their entire childhood. The majority of patients with DID have memory gaps when a personality has taken over the host (primary personality). Some patients may describe as being outside their body and watching something take place in front of them that they cannot control, which is also known as depersonalization. According to Hart (2103), another sign is derealization, which is when the patient may not recognize people such as friends and family, which can lead to difficulties maintaining a healthy relationship. The most common sign is identity disturbances because the patient fears their person because they have no control over them when they take over. They fear them because they have no control their actions and even some times even the host may be female or male the alter may identify as that opposite sex. The alters also may disrupt dailyShow MoreRelatedDissociative Identity Disorder : A Condition Of Mystery2486 Words à |à 10 PagesDissociative identity disorder is a condition of mystery that is not clearly understood because of its way of presenting in a patient. In this research article there will be in depth analysis of the condition that is so publically recognized by Hollywood but at times ignored by medical professionals. There will analysis of demographics and who is affected more; male or female will also be looked at closely. There will also be a review of what factors predispose individuals to Dissociative IdentityRead MoreShutter Island : Film Analysis Essay1721 Words à |à 7 Pages2010 film directed by Martin Scorsese. Starring Leonardo DiCaprio and Mark Ruffalo, this film is 138 minutes of psychological thrills and hor ror. Shutter Island covers the field of psychopathology. More specifically, it covers psychotic disorders, dissociative disorders, and treatment. Shutter Island is set in 1954 on Shutter Island, Massachusetts at the Ashecliffe Hospital for the criminally insane. The opening scene of the film is U.S. Marshals Edward Daniels and Chuck Aule arriving on Shutter IslandRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder : Multiple Personality Disorder Essay1859 Words à |à 8 PagesIntroduction Dissociative Identity Disorder, also known as Multiple Personality Disorder has intrigued a wide variety of individuals from psychiatrists, Hollywood directors and even teenagers dreaming of treating the disorder such as myself. DID, as abbreviated, is sometimes thought of as fake, this disorder has been proven an actual disorder and is described in the DSM-5. This paper will include a description of Dissociative Identity Disorder or DID, an exploration into the typical course of theRead MoreThe Child That Lives From Within1681 Words à |à 7 PagesNormanââ¬â¢s varying behaviour and role reversal, he has dissociative identity disorder (DID), also known as multiple personality disorder (Ellason, Ross, and Fuchs 255; Boysen 329). Contemporary studies suggest that DID comes from childhood trauma (Ellason, Ross, and Fuchs 255; Boysen 330). His identity confusion is rooted to his past and is made clear once he switches back and forth from himself and ââ¬Å"Motherâ⬠. Some argue that questioned identity is linked to a tampered prefrontal cortex that causesRead MoreThe Child That Lives From Within1611 Words à |à 7 Pagesself-awareness. Considering his varying behaviour and role reversal, Bates has dissociative identity disorder (DID), also known as multiple personality disorder. Contemporary studies suggest that DID comes from childhood trauma (Ellason, Ross, and Fuchs 255). His identity confusion being deeply rooted to his past is made clear once he switches back and forth from himself and ââ¬Å"Motherâ⬠. It is argued that his questioned identity is linked to a tampered prefrontal cortex that causes him to act abnormallyRead MoreMental State Of A Social Environment1254 Words à |à 6 Pagesself-awareness. Considering his varying behaviour and role reversal, Bates has dissociative identity disorder (DID), also known as multiple personality disorder. Contemporary studies suggest that DID comes from childhood trauma (Ellason, Ross, and Fuchs 255). H is identity confusion being deeply rooted to his past is made clear once he switches back and forth from himself and ââ¬Å"Motherâ⬠. It is argued that his questioned identity is linked to a tampered prefrontal cortex that causes him to act abnormallyRead More The Controversy Surrounding Multiple Personality Disorder Essay2499 Words à |à 10 PagesPersonality Disorder Multiple Personality Disorder is a condition that many people probably have not heard of. Among those who have heard of it, there are even less who actually know what it is. However, according to Piper (1997) there were about 6,000 cases diagnosed in North America alone in 1986. Some experts estimate that multiple personality disorder, or MPD, affects 5 to 10 percent of the population, or about 100 million people worldwide. For such a widespread disorder, the publicsRead MoreAcute Stress Disorder3168 Words à |à 13 PagesAcute Stress Disorder Brett D. Klawitter Liberty University Abstract Acute Stress Disorder or ASD is a phenomenon that happens during or shortly after a traumatic event. It can affect people in many different ways but it is usually debilitating for up to one month. There has been controversy and stigma attached to the diagnosis of ASD since it was first added to the DSM-IV. This paper will illustrate the definition of ASD, the diagnostic guidelines, the difference between ASD and Acute StressRead MorePsychological Disorders Essay1876 Words à |à 8 PagesThere are multiple criteria that come into play when determining a psychological disorder. One reason is because, it is hard to know for sure if an action is abnormal or not. Something could be abnormal in our country, but a custom in another. According to Psychology in Action, ââ¬Å"[r]ather than being fixed categories, both ââ¬Å"abnormalâ⬠and ââ¬Å"normalâ⬠behaviors exist along a continuum, and no single criterion is adequate for [i]dentifying all forms of abnormal behaviorâ⬠(Huffman). There are four criteriaRead MoreThe Impact Of Neuropsychology On The Christian Faith2470 Words à |à 10 Pagesare the symptoms of her recurring seizures. Sister John has temporal-lobe epilepsy and her doctor explains that it, ââ¬Å"tend[s] to be more psychologicalâ⬠(Salzman, 2000, p.68). Sister Johnââ¬â¢s spiritual episodes were presumably caused by her medical condition. So, were all of her spiritual encounters with God a lie? Was her faith a fabrication? The implication of these questions can be quite troubling for the Christian faith. Is God simply a manifestation created within our minds? Objects exist because Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12583708789555234926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3853598150538747303.post-76008897577233924932020-05-06T15:31:00.001-07:002020-05-06T15:31:33.220-07:00COMPUTERS EXAM BANK 1 - 8589 Words ccccc Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. A computer is a device that ____. a. accepts data b. stores data c. produces output d. All of the above ____ 2. ____ is an area of a computer that temporarily holds data that is waiting to be processed, stored, or output. a. Memory b. Storage c. Input d. Output ____ 3. A computer ____ is two or more computers or other devices that are connected for the purpose of sharing data and programs. a. Panel b. PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) c. Matrix d.network ____ 4. A ____ is simply a computer network that is located within a limited geographical area. a. Console b. LAN (Local Area Network) c. WAN (Wide Areaâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦a. parallel processing b. Pipelining c. serial processing d. both a and b ____ 23. Iââ¬â¢m part of the operating system, stored in ROM and I supply the instructions needed to load the operating systemââ¬â¢s core into memory when the system initializes. What am I? a. bootstrap program b. device driver c. launch program d. utility program ____ 24. The best-selling operating system is _____. a. Linux b. Mac OS c. Microsoft Windows d. UNIX ____ 25. A(n) _____ is a legal contract that defines the ways in which you use a computer program. a. copyright b. installation agreement c. software license d. all of the above ____ 26. Which type of computer game provides a realistic setting as its main feature? a. Simulation games b. Puzzle games c. Strategy games d. all of the above ____ 27. A network traffic jam results in service deteriorating as __________. a. download times increase b. you computer no longer saves files c. your keyboard no longer works d. unreadable code appears ____ 28. You want the least expensive backup device for a file under 1MB. Which of the following should you choose? a. CD-RW b. external hard disk c. floppy disk d. Writable DVD ____ 29. Which of the following was the fastest spreading mass-mailing worms of all time? a. Sasser b. Love Letter c. Blaster d. Cloner ____ 30. Which operating system uses case-sensitive filenames? a. UNIX/Linux b. DOS c. Mac OS d.Show MoreRelatedEntrance Examination System4065 Words à |à 17 PagesThe Faculty of Information Technology Department Informatics College, Northgate Campus In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Information Technology/ Bachelor of Science in Computer Science Justine Paul D. De Villa Joyce L. 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Contents: Preface xi 1 PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES 1 Lakes Automotive 3 Ferris HealthCare, Inc. 5 Clark Faucet Company Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12583708789555234926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3853598150538747303.post-48408547391945008312020-05-05T17:29:00.001-07:002020-05-05T17:29:27.468-07:00Fahrenheit 451 Analysis Essay Example For Students Fahrenheit 451 Analysis Essay Imagine a society where books are prohibited, where the basic rights made clear in the First Amendment hold no weight and society is merely a brainwashed, mechanical population. According to Ray Bradbury, the author of Fahrenheit 451, this depiction is actually an exaggerated forecast for the American future, and in effect is happening around us every day. Simply reading his words can incite arguments pertaining not only to the banning of books but to our government structure itself. Age-old debates about Communism are stirred by the trials of characters in Bradburys unique world. By studying the protagonist and main character, Guy Montag, and his personal challenges we can, in a sense, evaluate our own lives to insure that we dont make similar mistakes. Fahrenheit 451 was written during the fifties, a period of mass paranoia, war, and technological advancement. The paranoia in the fifties was due the fear of Communism at home. People were afraid that their best friends might be Communists. This is also portrayed in the book; you are not sure until the very end if some of the characters are friend or foe. Many inventions of the fifties have advanced mirrors in the book. One might think that the author was trying to express how those inventions would ultimately resulting in the dumbing down of society. The television was coming about in the fifties and the four screen TVs in the book hampered the thought process so people would not think. While the book is definitely critiquing society and the government, readers are given many dominant themes to follow, and to find all of them requires several readings. The main plot, following Montag, illustrates the importance of making mistakes in order to grow. For example, at the very end of the book Granger an outspoken rebel to the book-banning laws compares mankind to a phoenix that burns itself up and then rises out of its ashes over and over again. Mans advantage is his ability to recognize when he has made an error, so that eventually he will learn not to make that mistake anymore. Remembering the faults of the past is the task Granger and his group have set for themselves. They believe that individuals are not as important as the collective mass. The symbol of the phoenixs rebirth refers not only to the cyclical nature of history and the collective rebirth of society but also to Montags own resurrection as a new person. Appropriately named, Guy is just a regular person who started out as a drone. However, he began to realize that while reflecting the morals of equality in that no one was above the law, his society also takes away the power of an individual to make a difference. He starts out rash, inarticulate, self-obsessed, and too easily swayed. At times he is not even aware of why he does things, feeling that his hands are acting by themselves. These subconscious actions can be quite horrific, such as when he finds himself setting his supervisor on fire, but they also represent his deepest desires to rebel against the status quo and find a meaningful way to live. When he comes into contact with Professor Faber, a retired professor who still has a few precious books hidden away, the two devise a plan to outsmart the system and bring the Dark Age to an end. Faber readily admits that the current state of society is due to the cowardice of people like himself, who would not speak out against book burning when they still could have stopped it, and his newly found courage contributes greatly to the phoenix theme of the book. Fabers comments reminded me of one of the most horrible passages in human history, Fahrenheit 451 analysis. When German citizens did not speak out against the growing horrors brought about by the Nazzi regime. In a brief summary of Bradburys piece it must be noted exactly how this civilization developed as it did. Montags boss, Captain Beatty, describes the problem by explaining that long ago, special-interest groups and other minorities began to object to books and literary works that offended them. This led to a sudden monotony in new stories, as writers tried to avoid offending anybody and were afraid to voice strong opinions. .ucfe1259a541e9424b29eee91786bf376 , .ucfe1259a541e9424b29eee91786bf376 .postImageUrl , .ucfe1259a541e9424b29eee91786bf376 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucfe1259a541e9424b29eee91786bf376 , .ucfe1259a541e9424b29eee91786bf376:hover , .ucfe1259a541e9424b29eee91786bf376:visited , .ucfe1259a541e9424b29eee91786bf376:active { border:0!important; } .ucfe1259a541e9424b29eee91786bf376 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucfe1259a541e9424b29eee91786bf376 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucfe1259a541e9424b29eee91786bf376:active , .ucfe1259a541e9424b29eee91786bf376:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucfe1259a541e9424b29eee91786bf376 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucfe1259a541e9424b29eee91786bf376 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucfe1259a541e9424b29eee91786bf376 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucfe1259a541e9424b29eee91786bf376 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucfe1259a541e9424b29eee91786bf376:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucfe1259a541e9424b29eee91786bf376 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucfe1259a541e9424b29eee91786bf376 .ucfe1259a541e9424b29eee91786bf376-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucfe1259a541e9424b29eee91786bf376:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Time Machine by HG Well EssayThe eerie fact about Bradburys work is that it hits a little too close to home: schools worldwide are banning more and more books from their libraries and limiting the information to which children have access. This is a very evident form of brainwashing in that students only learn what teachers feel is suitable, a truth that is leaving growing amounts of people unprepared for their own futures and unable to cope with life when it hits them. Fahrenheit 451 shows one possible place for this prohibition to lead: eventual disregard for the written word and an uneducated society. Our world today is closer than you may think to the world depicted in Fahrenheit 451. If you look closely you can find censorship in everything. Take school for example. In our textbooks women arent allowed to be depicted doing housework, men cant be show with tools, African-American cannot be athletes, and Koreans cannot own fruit stores. All this is to make a few people happy. If we dont stop now, Bradburys assumption of the future may come true. Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12583708789555234926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3853598150538747303.post-59756769515420624142020-04-10T08:09:00.001-07:002020-04-10T08:09:03.303-07:00Issues in Sme Development in Ghana and South Africa free essay sample International Research Journal of Finance and Economics ISSN 1450-2887 Issue 39 (2010) à © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2010 http://www. eurojournals. com/finance. htm Issues in SME Development in Ghana and South Africa Joshua Abor Department of Finance University of Ghana Business School, Legon Peter Quartey Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research University of Ghana, Legon Abstract This paper discusses the characteristics, contributions of SMEs to economic development, and the constraints to SME development in developing countries with particular reference to Ghana and South Africa. SMEs in Ghana have been noted to provide about 85% of manufacturing employment of Ghana. They are also believed to contribute about 70% to Ghanaââ¬â¢s GDP and account for about 92% of businesses in Ghana. In the Republic of South Africa, it is estimated that 91% of the formal business entities are SMEs. They also contribute between 52 to 57% to GDP and provide about 61% to employment. Notwithstanding the recognition of the important roles SMEs play in these countries, their development is largely constrained by a number of factors, such as lack of access to appropriate technology; limited access to international markets, the existence of laws, regulations and rules that impede the development of the sector; weak institutional capacity, lack of management skills and training, and most importantly finance. We will write a custom essay sample on Issues in Sme Development in Ghana and South Africa or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The paper provides some relevant recommendations to policy makers, development agencies, entrepreneurs, and SME managers to ascertain the appropriate strategy to improve the SME sector in these countries. Keywords: SME Development, Ghana, South Africa 1. 0. Introduction There is growing recognition of the important role small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play in economic development. They are often described as efficient and prolific job creators, the seeds of big businesses and the fuel of national economic engines. Even in the developed industrial economies, it is the SME sector rather than the multinationals that is the largest employer of workers (Mullineux, 1997). Interest in the role of SMEs n the development process continues to be in the forefront of policy debates in most countries. Governments at all levels have undertaken initiatives to promote the growth of SMEs (Feeney and Riding, 1997). SME development can encourage the process of both inter and intra-regional decentralization; and, they may well become a countervailing force against the economic power of larger enterprises. More generally, the development of SMEs is seen as accelerating the achievement of wider economi c and socio-economic objectives, including poverty alleviation (Cook and Nixson, 2000). According to an OECD report, SMEs produce about 25% of OECD exports and 35% of Asiaââ¬â¢s exports (OECD, 1997). International Research Journal of Finance and Economics Issue 39 (2010) 219 SMEs represent over 90% of private business and contribute to more than 50% of employment and of GDP in most African countries (UNIDO, 1999). Small enterprises in Ghana are said to be a characteristic feature of the production landscape and have been noted to provide about 85% of manufacturing employment of Ghana (Steel and Webster, 1991; Aryeetey, 2001). SMEs are also believed to contribute about 70% to Ghanaââ¬â¢s GDP and account for about 92% of businesses in Ghana. Similarly, in the Republic of South Africa, it is estimated that 91% of the formal business entities are Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) (Hassbroeck, 1996; Berry et al. , 2002). They also contribute between 52 and 57% to GDP and provide about 61% of employment (CSS, 1998; Ntsika, 1999; Gumede, 2000; Berry et al. , 2002). SMEs therefore have a crucial role to play in stimulating growth, generating employment and contributing to poverty alleviation, given their economic weight in African countries. How do SMEs in Ghana compare with their counterparts in South Africa and what policy lessons can be drawn for both countries to enhance the contribution of the sector remains the focus of this paper. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section two reviews the various definitions of SMEs. Section three discusses the characteristics of SMEs in developing countries. Sections four and five examine the contributions of SMEs to economic development and the constraints to SME developments. The paper concludes in section six. 2. 0. What is an SME? The issue of what constitutes a small or medium enterprise is a major concern in the literature. Different authors have usually given different definitions to this category of business. SMEs have indeed not been spared with the definition problem that is usually associated with concepts which have many components. The definition of firms by size varies among researchers. Some attempt to use the capital assets while others use skill of labour and turnover level. Others define SMEs in terms of their legal status and method of production. Storey (1994) tries to sum up the danger of using size to define the status of a firm by stating that in some sectors all firms may be regarded as small, whilst in other sectors there are possibly no firms which are small. The Bolton Committee (1971) first formulated an ââ¬Å"economicâ⬠and ââ¬Å"statisticalâ⬠definition of a small firm. Under the ââ¬Å"economicâ⬠definition, a firm is said to be small if it meets the following three criteria: â⬠¢ It has a relatively small share of their market place; â⬠¢ It is managed by owners or part owners in a personalized way, and not through the medium of a formalized management structure; â⬠¢ It is independent, in the sense of not forming part of a large enterprise. Under the ââ¬Å"statisticalâ⬠definition, the Committee proposed the following criteria:: â⬠¢ The size of the small firm sector and its contribution to GDP, employment, exports, etc. â⬠¢ The extent to which the small firm sectorââ¬â¢s economic contribution has changed over time; â⬠¢ Applying the statistical definition in a cross-country comparison of the small firmsââ¬â¢ economic contribution. The Bolton Committee applied different definitions of the small firm to different sectors. Whereas firms in manufacturing, construction and mining were defined in terms of number of employees (in which case, 200 or less qualified the firm to be a small firm), those in the retail, services, wholesale, etc. were defined in terms of monetary turnover (in which case the range is 50,000-200,000 British Pounds to be classified as small firm). Firms in the road transport industry are classified as small if they have 5 or fewer vehicles. There have been criticisms of the Bolton definitions. These centre mainly on the apparent inconsistencies between defining characteristics based on number of employees and those based on managerial approach. The European Commission (EC) defined SMEs largely in term of the number of employees as follows: â⬠¢ firms with 0 to 9 employees micro enterprises; 220 International Research Journal of Finance and Economics Issue 39 (2010) â⬠¢ 10 to 99 employees small enterprises; â⬠¢ 100 to 499 employees medium enterprises. Thus, the SME sector is comprised of enterprises (except agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing) which employ less than 500 workers. In effect, the EC definitions are based solely on employment rather than a multiplicity of criteria. Secondly, the use of 100 employees as the small firmââ¬â¢s upper limit is more appropriate, given the increase in productivity over the last two decades (Storey, 1994). Finally, the EC definition did not assume the SME group is homogenous; that is, the definition makes a distinction between micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises. However, the EC definition is too all-embracing to be applied to a number of countries. Researchers would have to use definitions for small firms which are more appropriate to their particular ââ¬Å"targetâ⬠group (an operational definition). It must be emphasized that debates on definitions turn out to be sterile, unless size is a factor which influences performance. For instance, the relationship between size and performance matters when assessing the impact of a credit programme on a target group (Storey, 1994). Weston and Copeland (1998) hold that definitions of size of enterprises suffer from a lack of universal applicability. In their view, this is because enterprises may be conceived of in varying terms. Size has been defined in different contexts, in terms of the number of employees, annual turnover, industry of enterprise, ownership of enterprise, and value of fixed assets. Van der Wijst (1989) considers small and medium businesses as privately held firms with 1 ââ¬â 9 and 10 ââ¬â 99 people employed, respectively. Jordan et al (1998) define SMEs as firms with fewer than 100 employees and less than â⠬15 million turnover. Michaelas et al (1999) consider small independent private limited companies with fewer than 200 employees and Lopez and Aybar (2000) considered companies with sales below â⠬15 million as small. According to the British Department of Trade and Industry, the best description of a small firm remains that used by the Bolton Committee in its 1971 Report on Small Firms. This stated that a small firm is an independent business, managed by its owner or part-owners and having a small market share (Department of Trade and Industry, 2001). The UNIDO also defines SMEs in terms of number of employees by giving different classifications for industrialized and developing countries (see Elaian, 1996). The definition for industrialized countries is given as follows: â⬠¢ Large firms with 500 or more workers; â⬠¢ Medium firms with 100-499 workers; â⬠¢ Small firms with 99 or less workers. The classification given for developing countries is as follows: â⬠¢ Large firms with 100 or more workers; â⬠¢ Medium firms with 20-99 workers; â⬠¢ Small firms with 5-19 workers; â⬠¢ Micro firms with less than 5 workers. It is clear from the various definitions that there is not a general consensus over what constitutes an SME. Definitions vary across industries and also across countries. It is important now to examine definitions of SMEs given in the context of Ghana and South Africa. 2. 1. The Ghanaian Situation There have been various definitions given for small-scale enterprises in Ghana but the most commonly used criterion is the number of employees of the enterprise (Kayanula and Quartey, 2000). In applying this definition, confusion often arises in respect of the arbitrariness and cut off points used by the various official sources. In its Industrial Statistics, the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) considers firms with fewer than 10 employees as small-scale enterprises and their counterparts with more than 10 employees as medium and large-sized enterprises. Ironically, the GSS in its national accounts considered companies with up to 9 employees as SMEs (Kayanula and Quartey, 2000). The value of fixed assets in the firm has also been used as an alternative criterion for defining SMEs. However, the National Board for Small Scale Industries (NBSSI) in Ghana applies both the International Research Journal of Finance and Economics Issue 39 (2010) 221 ââ¬Å"fixed asset and number of employeesâ⬠criteria. It defines a small-scale enterprise as a firm with not more than 9 workers, and has plant and machinery (excluding land, buildings and vehicles) not exceeding 10 million Ghanaian cedis. The Ghana Enterprise Development Commission (GEDC), on the other hand, uses a 10 million Ghanaian cedis upper limit definition for plant and machinery. It is important to caution that the process of valuing fixed assets poses a problem. Secondly, the continuous depreciation of the local currency as against major trading currencies often makes such definitions outdated (Kayanula and Quartey, 2000). In defining small-scale enterprises in Ghana, Steel and Webster (1991), and Osei et al (1993) used an employment cut-off point of 30 employees. Osei et al (1993), however, classified small-scale enterprises into three categories. These are: (i) micro employing less than 6 people; (ii) very small employing 6-9 people; (iii) small between 10 and 29 employees. A more recent definition is the one given by the Regional Project on Enterprise Development Ghana manufacturing survey paper. The survey report classified firms into: (i) micro enterprise, less than 5 employees; (ii) small enterprise, 5 29 employees; (iii) medium enterprise, 30 ââ¬â 99 employees; (iv) large enterprise, 100 and more employees (see Teal, 2002). 2. 2. The South African Situation The most widely used framework in South Africa is the definition of the National Small Business Act 102 of 1996, which defines five categories of businesses in South Africa. The definition uses the number of employees (the most common mode of definition) per enterprise size category combined with the annual turnover categories, the gross assets excluding fixed property. The definitions for the various enterprise categories are given as follows: â⬠¢ Survivalist enterprise: The income generated is less than the minimum income standard or the poverty line. This category is considered pre-entrepreneurial, and includes hawkers, vendors and subsistence farmers. (In practice, survivalist enterprises are often categorised as part of the micro-enterprise sector). Micro enterprise: The turnover is less than the VAT registration limit (that is, R150 000 per year). These enterprises usually lack formality in terms of registration. They include, for example, spaza shops, minibus taxis and household industries. They employ no more than 5 people. â⬠¢ Very small enterprise: These are enterprises employing fewer than 10 paid employees, except mining, electricity, manufacturing and construction sectors, in which the figure is 20 employees. These enterprises operate in the formal market and have access to technology. Small enterprise: The upper limit is 50 employees. Small enterprises are generally more established than very small enterprises and exhibit more complex business practices. â⬠¢ Medium enterprise: The maximum number of employees is 100, or 200 for the mining, electricity, manufacturing and construction sectors. These enterprises are often characterised by the decentralisation of power to an additional management layer. The National Small Business Actââ¬â¢s definitions of the different categories of business may be summarised as set out in Table 1 below. 222 Table 1: International Research Journal of Finance and Economics Issue 39 (2010) Definitions of SMMEs given in the National Small Business Act Number of Employees Fewer than 100 to 200, depending on industry Fewer than 50 Annual Turnover (in South African rand) Less than R4 million to R50 million, depending upon industry Less than R2 million to R25 million, depending on industry Less than R200 000 to R500 000, depending on industry Less than R150 000 Gross Assets, Excluding Fixed Property Less than R2 million to R18 million, depending on industry Less than R2 million to R4. million, depending on industry Less than R150 000 to R500 000, depending on Industry Less than R100 000 Enterprise Size Medium Small Fewer than 10 to 20, depending on industry Micro Fewer than 5 Source: Falkena et al. (2001) Very Small From the above, two key contrast can be drawn between the definitions of SMEs in Ghana and their counterparts in South Africa. First, Act 102 of 1996 defines SMEs in South Africa whereas th ere is no such legislation in Ghana. Secondly, the cut off points for the various SME size categories in South Africa are much higher than that of Ghana. This may be a result of the fact that South Africa has a much higher income levels than Ghana. 3. 0. Characteristics of SMEs in Developing Countries Fisher and Reuber (2000) enumerate a number of characteristics of SMEs in developing countries under the broad headings: labour characteristics, sectors of activity, gender of owner and efficiency. Given that most SMEs are one-person businesses, the largest employment category is working proprietors. This group makes up more than half the SME workforce in most developing countries; their families, who tend to be unpaid but active in the enterprise, make up roughly another quarter. The remaining portion of the workforce is split between hired workers and trainees or apprentices. SMEs are more labour intensive than larger firms and therefore have lower capital costs associated with job creation (Anheier and Seibel, 1987; Liedholm and Mead, 1987; Schmitz, 1995). In terms of activity, they are mostly engaged in retailing, trading, or manufacturing (Fisher and Reuber, 2000). While it is a common perception that the majority of SMEs will fall into the first category, the proportion of SME activity that takes place in the retail sector varies considerably between countries, and between rural and urban regions within countries. Retailing is mostly found in urban regions, while manufacturing can be found in either rural or urban centres. However, the extent of involvement of a country in manufacturing will depend on a number of factors, including, availability of raw materials, taste and consumption patterns of domestic consumers, and the level of development of the export markets. In Ghana, SMEs can be categorized into urban and rural enterprises. The former can be subdivided into ââ¬Å"organizedâ⬠and ââ¬Å"unorganizedâ⬠enterprises. The organized ones mostly have paid employees with a registered office, whereas the unorganized category is mainly made up of artisans who work in open spaces, temporary wooden structures, or at home, and employ few or in some cases no salaried workers (Kayanula and Quartey, 2000). They rely mostly on family members or apprentices. Rural enterprises are largely made up of family groups, individual artisans, women engaged in food production from local crops. The major activities within this sector include:- soap and detergents, fabrics, clothing and tailoring, textile and leather, village blacksmiths, tin-smithing, ceramics, timber and mining, bricks and cement, beverages, food processing, bakeries, wood furniture, electronic assembly, agro processing, chemical-based products and mechanics (Osei et al. , 1993; Kayanula and Quartey, 2000). Majority of SMEs are female-owned businesses, which more often than not are home-based compared to those owned by males; they are operated from home and are mostly not considered in official statistics. This clearly affects their chances of gaining access to financing schemes, since such International Research Journal of Finance and Economics Issue 39 (2010) 223 programmes are designed without sufficient consideration of the needs of businesses owned by females. These female entrepreneurs often get the impression that they are not capable of taking advantage of these credit schemes, because the administrative costs associated with the schemes often outweigh the benefits. Prior empirical studies in Ghana have shown that female-owned SMEs often have difficulty accessing finance. Females are mostly involved in sole-proprietorship businesses which are mainly microenterprises and as such may lack the necessary collateral to qualify for loans (Aryeetey et al, 1994; Abor and Biekpe, 2006). Measures of enterprise efficiency (e. g. labour productivity or total factor productivity) vary greatly both within and across industries. Firm size may be associated with some other factors that are correlated with efficiency, such as managerial skill and technology, and the effects of the policy environment. Most studies in developing countries indicate that the smallest firms are the least efficient, and there is some evidence that both small and large firms are relatively inefficient compared to medium-scale enterprises (Little et al. , 1987). It is often argued that SMEs are more innovative than larger firms. Many small firms bring innovations to the market place, but the contribution of innovations to productivity often takes time, and larger firms may have more resources to adopt and implement them (Acs et al. , 1999). 4. 0. Contributions of SMEs to Economic Development There is a general consensus that the performance of SMEs is important for both economic and social development of developing countries. From the economic perspective, SMEs provide a number of benefits (Advani, 1997). SMEs have been noted to be one of the major areas of concern to many policy makers in an attempt to accelerate the rate of growth in low-income countries. These enterprises have been recognized as the engines through which the growth objectives of developing countries can be achieved. They are potential sources of employment and income in many developing countries. SMEs seem to have advantages over their large-scale competitors in that they are able to adapt more easily to market conditions, given their broadly skilled technologies. They are able to withstand adverse economic conditions because of their flexible nature (Kayanula and Quartey, 2000). SMEs are more labour intensive than larger firms and therefore have lower capital costs associated with job creation (Anheier and Seibel, 1987; Liedholm and Mead, 1987; Schmitz, 1995). They perform useful roles in ensuring income stability, growth and employment. Since SMEs are labour intensive, they are more likely to succeed in smaller urban centres and rural areas, where they can contribute to a more even distribution of economic activity in a region and can help to slow the flow of migration to large cities. Due to their regional dispersion and their labour intensity, it is argued, small-scale production units can promote a more equitable distribution of income than large firms. They also improve the efficiency of domestic markets and make productive use of scarce resources, thus facilitating long-term economic growth (Kayanula and Quartey, 2000). SMEs contribute to a countryââ¬â¢s national product by either manufacturing goods of value, or through the provision of services to both consumers and/or other enterprises. This encompasses the provision of products and, to a lesser extent, services to foreign clients, thereby contributing to overall export performance. In Ghana and South Africa, SMEs represent a vast portion of businesses. They represent about 92% of Ghanaian businesses and contribute about 70% to Ghanaââ¬â¢s GDP and over 80% to employment. SMEs also account for about 91% of the formal business entities in South Africa, contributing between 52% and 57% of GDP and providing about 61% of employment (CSS, 1998; Ntsika, 1999; Gumede, 2000; Berry et al. , 2002). From an economic perspective, however, enterprises are not just suppliers, but also consumers; this plays an important role if they are able to position themselves in a market with purchasing power: their demand for industrial or consumer goods will stimulate the activity of their suppliers, just as their own activity is stimulated by the demands of their clients. Demand in the form of investment plays a dual role, both from a demand-side (with regard to the suppliers of industrial goods) and on the supplyside (through the potential for new production arising from upgraded equipment). In addition, demand 224 International Research Journal of Finance and Economics Issue 39 (2010) is important to the income-generation potential of SMEs and their ability to stimulate the demand for both consumer and capital goods (Berry et al. , 2002). 5. 0. General Constraints to SME Development Despite the potential role of SMEs to accelerated growth and job creation in developing countries, a number of bottlenecks affect their ability to realize their full potential. SME development is hampered by a number of factors, including finance, lack of managerial skills, equipment and technology, regulatory issues, and access to international markets (Anheier and Seibel, 1987; Steel and Webster, 1991; Aryeetey et al, 1994; Gockel and Akoena, 2002). The lack of managerial know-how places significant constraints on SME development. Even though SMEs tend to attract motivated managers, they can hardly compete with larger firms. The scarcity of management talent, prevalent in most countries in the region, has a magnified impact on SMEs. The lack of support services or their relatively higher unit cost can hamper SMEsââ¬â¢ efforts to improve their management, because consulting firms are often not equipped with appropriate cost-effective management solutions for SMEs. Besides, despite the numerous institutions providing training and advisory services, there is still a skills gap in the SME sector as a whole (Kayanula and Quartey, 2000). This is because entrepreneurs cannot afford the high cost of training and advisory services while others do not see the need to upgrade their skills due to complacency. In terms of technology, SMEs often have difficulties in gaining access to appropriate technologies and information on available techniques (Aryeetey et al. , 1994). In most cases, SMEs utilize foreign technology with a scarce percentage of shared ownership or leasing. They usually acquire foreign licenses, because local patents are difficult to obtain. Regulatory constraints also pose serious challenges to SME development and although wideranging structural reforms have led to some improvements, prospects for enterprise development remain to be addressed at the firm-level. The high start-up costs for firms, including licensing and registration requirements, can impose excessive and unnecessary burdens on SMEs. The high cost of settling legal claims, and excessive delays in court proceedings adversely affect SME operations. In the case of Ghana, the cumbersome procedure for registering and commencing business are key issues often cited. The World Bank Doing Business Report (2006) indicated that it takes 127 days to deal with licensing issues and there are 16 procedures involved in licensing a business in Ghana. It takes longer (176 days) in South Africa and there were 18 procedures involved in dealing with licensing issues. Meanwhile, the absence of antitrust legislation favours larger firms, while the lack of protection for property rights limits SMEsââ¬â¢ access to foreign technologies (Kayanula and Quartey, 2000). Previously insulated from international competition, many SMEs are now faced with greater external competition and the need to expand market share. However, their limited international marketing experience, poor quality control and product standardisation, and little access to international partners, continue to impede SMEsââ¬â¢ expansion into international markets (Aryeetey et al. , 1994). They also lack the necessary information about foreign markets. One important problem that SMEs often face is access to capital (Lader, 1996). Lack of adequate financial resources places significant constraints on SME development. Cook and Nixson (2000) observe that, notwithstanding the recognition of the role of SMEs in the development process in many developing countries, SMEs development is always constrained by the limited availability of financial resources to meet a variety of operational and investment needs. A World Bank study found that about 90% of small enterprises surveyed stated that credit was a major constraint to new investment (Parker et al. , 1995). Levy (1993) also found that there is limited access to financial resources available to smaller enterprises compared to larger organisations and the consequences for their growth and development. The role of finance has been viewed as a critical element for the development of SMEs (Cook and Nixson, 2000). A large portion of the SME sector does not have access to adequate and appropriate forms of credit and equity, or indeed to financial services more generally (Parker et al. , 1995). In competing for the corporate market, formal financial institutions have structured their products to serve the needs of large corporates. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics Issue 39 (2010) 225 A cursory analysis of survey and research results of SMEs in South Africa, for instance, reveals common reactions from SME owners interviewed. When asked what they perceive as constraints in their businesses and especially in establishing or expanding their businesses, they answered that access to funds is a major constraint. This is reflected in perception questions answered by SME owners in many surveys (see BEES, 1995; Graham and Quattara, 1996; Rwingema and Karungu, 1999). This situation is not different in the case of Ghana (see Sowa et al. , 1992; Aryeetey, 1998; Bigsten et al. , 2000, Abor and Biekpe 2006, 2007; Quartey, 2002). A priori, it might seem surprising that finance should be so important. Requirements such as identifying a product and a market, acquiring any necessary property rights or licenses, and keeping proper records are all in some sense more fundamental to running a small enterprise than is finance (Green et al. , 2002). Some studies have consequently shown that a large number of small enterprises fail because of non-financial reasons. Other constraints SMEs face include: lack of access to appropriate technology; the existence of laws, regulations and rules that impede the development of the sector; weak institutional capacity and lack of management skills and training (see Sowa et al. , 1992; Aryeetey et al. , 1994; Parker et al. , 1995; Kayanula and Quartey, 2000). However, potential providers of finance, whether formal or informal, are unlikely to commit funds to a business which they view as not being on a sound footing, irrespective of the exact nature of the unsoundness. Lack of funds may be the immediate reason for a business failing to start or to progress, even when the more fundamental reason lies elsewhere. Finance is said to be the ââ¬Å"glueâ⬠that holds together all the diverse aspects involved in small business start-up and development (Green et al. , 2002). 6. 0. Conclusion This paper has reviewed various definitions of SMEs and also discussed the characteristics, contributions of SMEs to economic development, and the constraints to SME development. In reviewing the definitions of SMEs, it was concluded that there is no single, universal, uniformly acceptable definition of SMEs. Several measures or indicators have been used to define the SME sector. The most commonly used is the number of employees of the enterprise. However, in applying this definition, confusion often arises in respect of the arbitrariness and cut-off points used by various official sources. The definitions of SMEs within the context of Ghana and South Africa were also examined, given that this paper focuses on these two countries. SMEs often fall into two categories, that is, urban and rural enterprises. The former can be sub-divided into ââ¬Å"organizedâ⬠and ââ¬Å"unorganizedâ⬠enterprises. The organized groups have registered offices and paid workers, whilst the unorganized ones are mainly made up of artisans. Rural enterprises are largely made up of family groups and individual artisans. The activities in the SME sector range from pottery and ceramics to manufacturing of spare parts and electronic assembly. SMEs in Ghana and South Africa have a lot of similarities in terms of their characteristics as well as the vital role they play in the two economies. However, they differ in terms of size and regulation. For instance, the cut off point for the various categories of SMEs in Ghana are much lower than they pertain in South Africa. Secondly, whereas a national legislation defines an SME in South Africa, no such Act exist in Ghana. The study also observed that SMEs constitute a vital element of the development process, and their contributions in terms of production, employment and income in developing countries is widely recognized. Hence, interest in the role of SMEs in the development process continues to be high on the agenda of policy makers in the two countries. Notwithstanding the recognition, the development of SMEs is always constrained by a number of factors such as, lack of access to appropriate technology, limited access to international markets, the existence of laws, regulations and rules that impede the development of the sector; weak institutional capacity and lack of management skills and training. However, access to finance remains the greatest concern for the majority of SMEs. This study suggests that, to improve access to credit to SMEs, entrepreneurs should be encouraged to form cooperatives since financial institutions believe peer pressure often reduces the risk 26 International Research Journal of Finance and Economics Issue 39 (2010) of default, Secondly, the government through tax incentives can encourage certain training institutions and NGOs to provide training to entrepreneurs on simple record keeping and managerial know-how. Also, a national legislation in Ghana to define what constitutes an SME and their legal as we ll as tax obligations will help to integrate a number of informal enterprises into the formal framework. This should be complemented with steps to minimize the legal procedures involved in doing business in both countries. It is also suggested that technology transfer through simple, inexpensive and adaptable technology should be promoted to enhance the productivity of SMEs. References [1] [2] Abor, J. and N. Biekpe, 2006. ââ¬Å"Small Business Financing Initiatives in Ghanaâ⬠, Problems and Perspectives in Management, 4(3), pp. 69-77. Abor, J. and N. Biekpe, 2006. ââ¬Å"SMEsââ¬â¢ Access to Debt Finance: A Comparison of Male-Owned and Female-Owned Businesses in Ghanaâ⬠, International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 7(2), pp. 105-112. Abor, J. and N. Biekpe, 2007. Small Business Reliance on Bank Financing in Ghanaâ⬠, Emerging Market Finance Trade, 43(4), pp. 93 ââ¬â 102. Acs, Z. , R. Morck, and B. Young, 1999. ââ¬Å"Productivity Growth and Size Distributionâ⬠, in Acs, Z. , Carlsson, B. and Karlsson, C. (eds. ), Entrepreneurship, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises and the Macroeconomy, Cambridge University Press. Advani, A. 1997. ââ¬Å"Industrial Clusters: A Supp ort System for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprisesâ⬠, Private Sector Development, World Bank Occasional Paper No. 32, World Bank, Washigton, DC. Anheier, H. K. and H. D. Seibel, 1987. 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E. van Seventer, 2002. ââ¬Å"The Economics of SMMEs in South Africaâ⬠, Trade and Industrial Policy Strategies, Johannesburg, South Africa. Bigsten, A. , P. Collier, S. Dercon, M. Fafchamps, B. Guthier, J. W. Gunning, M. Soderbom, A. Oduro, R. Oostendorp, C. Patillo, F. Teal, A. Zeufack, 2000. Credit Constraints in Manufacturing Enterprises in Africaâ⬠, Working Paper WPS/2000. Centre for the study of African Economies, Oxford University, Oxford. Bolton, J. E. 1971. ââ¬Å"Report of the Committee of Inquiry on Small Firmsâ⬠, HMSO, London. Cook, P. and F. Nixson, 2000. ââ¬Å"Finance and Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Developmentâ⬠, IDPM, University of Manchester, Finance and Development Research Programme Working Paper Series, Paper No 14. CSS, 1998. ââ¬Å"Employment and Unemployment in South Africa 1994-1997â⬠, South Africa. Department of Trade and Industry, 2001. Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) ââ¬â Definitions, http://www. dti. gov. uk/SME4/define. htm. Elaian, K. 1996. Employment Implications of Small Scale Industries in Developing Countries: Evidence from Jordan, Science, Technology and Development, 14(1), pp. 80-101. [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] International Research Journal of Finance and Economics Issue 39 (2010) [18] 227 [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] Falkena, H. , I. Abedian, M. Blottnitz, C. Coovadia, G. Davel, J. Madungandaba, E. Masilela, and S. Rees, S. , 2001. ââ¬Å"SMEsââ¬â¢ Access to Finance in South Africa, A Supply-Side Regulatory Reviewâ⬠, The Task Group of the policy Board for Financial Services and Regulation, www. finance. gov. za/documents/smes. Feeney, L. S. and A. L. Riding, 1997. Business Ownersââ¬â¢ Fundamental Tradeoff: Finance and the Vicious Circle of Growth and Control, Canadian Business Owner, November. Fisher, E. and R. Reuber, 2000. ââ¬Å"Industrial Clusters and SME Promotion in Developing Countriesâ⬠, Commonwealth Trade and Enterprise Paper No. 3. Gockel, A. G. and S. K. Akoena, 2002. Financial Intermediation for the Poor: Credit Demand by Micro, Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Ghana. A Further Assignment for Financial Sector Policy? â⬠, IFLIP Research Paper 02-6, International Labour Organisation. Graham, D. and K. Quattara, 1996. Report on Rural Finance in Two Provinces in South Africa, Prepared for the Development Bank of Southern Africa . Green, C. J. , P. Kimuyu, R. Manos, and V. Murinde, 2002. ââ¬Å"How do Small Firms in Developing Countries Raise Capital? Evidence from a Large-Scale Survey of Kenyan Micro and Small Scale Enterprisesâ⬠, Economic Research Paper No. 2/6, Centre for International, Financial and Economics Research, Department of Economics, Loughborough University. Gumede, V. 2000. ââ¬Å"Growth and Exporting of Small and Medium Enterprises in South Africa, Some Thoughts on Policy and Scope for Further Researchâ⬠, Trade and Industrial Policy Strategies, South Africa. Hassbroeck, D. 1996. ââ¬Å"Entrepreneurship Training for the Informal Sector in South Africa, in Educating Entrepreneurs in Modernising Economiesâ⬠, Aldershot, Hants: Avebury. Jordan, J. , J. Lowe, and P. Taylor, 1998. ââ¬Å"Strategy and Financial Policy in U. K. Small Firmsâ⬠, Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 25(1/2), pp. ââ¬â27. Kayanula, D. and P. Quartey, 2000. ââ¬Å"The Policy Environment for Pr omoting Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Ghana and Malawiâ⬠, Finance and Development Research Programme, Working Paper Series, Paper No 15, IDPM, University of Manchester. Lader, P. 1996. ââ¬Å"The Public/Private Partnershipâ⬠, Springs Spring, 35(2), pp. 41-44. Levy, B. , A. Berry, and J. Nugent, 1999. ââ¬Å"Supporting the Export Activities of Small and Medium Enterprise (SME)â⬠, in Levy, B. , Berry, A. and Nugent, J. B. (eds. ), Fulfilling the Export Potential of Small and medium Firms, Boston, MA, Kluwer Academic Publishers. Liedholm, C. and D. Mead, 1987. Small Scale Industries in Developing Countries: Empirical Evidence and Policy Implicationsâ⬠, International Development Paper No. 9, Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. Little, I. M. , D. Mazumdar, and J. M. Page, 1987. ââ¬Å"Small Manufacturing Enterprises: A Comparative Analysis of India and Other Economiesâ⬠, New York, Oxford University Press . Lopez, G. J. and A. C. Aybar, 2000. ââ¬Å"An Empirical Approach to the Financial Behaviour of Small and Medium Sized Companiesâ⬠, Small Business Economics, 14, pp. 55-63. Michaelas, N. , F. Chittenden, and P. Poutziouris, 1999. Financial Policy and Capital Structure Choice in U. K. SMEs: Empirical Evidence from Company Panel Dataâ⬠, Small Business Economics, 12, 113-130. Millinuex, A. W. 1997. ââ¬Å"The Funding of Non-Financial Corporations (NFCs) in the EU (19711993): Evidence of Convergenceâ⬠, Mimeo, Department of Economics, University of Birmingham. Ntsika, 1999. ââ¬Å"State of Small Business in South Africaâ⬠, SARB Quarterly Bulletins; and Stats SA Releases, South Africa. OECD, 1997. Globalisation and Small and Medium Enterprises, Synthesis Report, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. Osei, B. , A. Baah-Nuakoh, K. A. Tutu, and N. K. Sowa, 1993. Impact of Structural Adjustment on Small-Scale Enterprises in Ghanaâ⬠, in Helmsing, A. H . J. and Kolstee, T. H. 228 International Research Journal of Finance and Economics Issue 39 (2010) (eds. ), Structural Adjustment, Financial Policy and Assistance Programmes in Africa, IT Publications, London. Parker, R. , R. Riopelle, and W. Steel, 1995. ââ¬Å"Small Enterprises Adjusting to Liberalisation in Five African Countriesâ⬠, World Bank Discussion Paper, No 271, African Technical Department Series, The World Bank, Washington DC. Quartey, P. 2002. ââ¬Å"Financing Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Ghanaâ⬠, Journal of African Business, 4, pp. 7-56. Rwingema, H. and P. Karungu, 1999. ââ¬Å"SMME Development in Johannesburgââ¬â¢s Southern Metropolitan Local Council: An Assessmentâ⬠Development Southern Africa 16(1). Schmitz, H. 1995. ââ¬Å"Collective Efficiency: Growth Path for Small Scale Industryâ⬠, The Journal of Development Studies, 31(4), pp. 529-566. Sowa, N. K. , A. Baah-Nuakoh, K. A. Tutu, and B. Osei, 1992. ââ¬Å"Small Enterprise and Adj ustment, The Impact of Ghanaââ¬â¢s Economic Recovery Programme on Small-Scale Industrial Enterprisesâ⬠, Research Reports, Overseas Development Institute, 111 Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7JD. Steel, W. F. and L. M. Webster, 1991. ââ¬Å"Small Enterprises in Ghana: Responses to Adjustment Industryâ⬠, Series Paper, No. 33, The World Bank Industry and Energy Department, Washington DC. Storey, D. , 1994. ââ¬Å"Understanding the Small Business Sectorâ⬠, Routledge, London. Teal, F. , 2002. ââ¬Å"Background Information On Use Of Dataset: Regional Project On Enterprise Development (RPED) Ghana Manufacturing Sector Survey Waves I-V (1992-98)â⬠, Centre for the Study of African Economies, Institute of Economics and Statistics, University of Oxford, St. Cross Building, Manor Road, Oxford, OX1 3UL. UNIDO, 1983. The Potential for Resource-based Industrial Development in the Least Developed Countriesââ¬â¢, No. 5 Malawi. UNIDO, 1999. SMEs in Africa Survive against all Odds, http://www. unido. org/doc/view? document_id=3927language_code=en. Van der Wijst, D. , 1989. ââ¬Å"Financial Structure in Small Business. Theory, Tests and Applicationsâ⬠, Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Vol. 320, New York: Springer-Verlag. Weston, J. F. and Copeland, T. E. , 1998. ââ¬Å"Managerial Financeâ⬠, CBS College Publishing, New York. [38] [39] [40] [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12583708789555234926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3853598150538747303.post-91049626027987049172020-03-09T20:12:00.001-07:002020-03-09T20:12:02.898-07:00Writing Nonfiction for ChildrenWriting Nonfiction for Children If you can write engaging, informative and fun features for younger readers aged 9 to 12, then childrenââ¬â¢s nonfiction could be your market. Over several years, I wrote many pieces for publications including Hoezit!, MiniMag and others. Hereââ¬â¢s what I learnedâ⬠¦ Market Guides for Nonfiction Resources for finding places to publish include the Childrenââ¬â¢s Writers Illustrators Market (published annually) and their website listings, the Society of Childrens Book Writers and Illustrators, Educational Markets for Childrenââ¬â¢s Writers Pitches that Work Many pitches are seasonal: Things to do for the holidays, movies to watch in winter. Other times, articles discuss fascinating facts related to school subjects like math, science and Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12583708789555234926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3853598150538747303.post-20294444770004097772020-02-22T10:38:00.001-08:002020-02-22T10:38:02.802-08:00Burke's arguments against the French Revolution EssayBurke's arguments against the French Revolution - Essay Example Burkeââ¬â¢s work concerns two important consequences of the French Revolution. First, is his focus on aspects connected with the ââ¬Ëterrorââ¬â¢, and second, are those aspects of French thought which had gone into informing the general tenets of individual liberty and democracyBurkeââ¬â¢s work concerns two important consequences of the French Revolution with respect to the present discussion. First, is his focus on aspects connected with the ââ¬Ëterrorââ¬â¢, and second, are those aspects of French thought which had gone into informing the general tenets of individual liberty and democracy. In both senses, and to the extent that these are examined mostly from a historical standpoint, he is deeply concerned with the consequences of various forms of change. That is, and in his own words, he is not interested in problems in the ââ¬Å"abstract principlesâ⬠[Burke, 1987: 109] . The terror is a period of history marking the French Revolution, and it is characterized as the term suggests, with extreme acts of depravity. During the reign of the French terror, priests, aristocrat's and various sympathizers were often indiscriminately burned or hanged ââ¬â and, private property suffered a similar fate: ââ¬Å"frauds, impostures, violences, rapines, burnings, murders, confiscations, compulsory paper currencies, and every description of tyranny and cruelty employed to bring about and to uphold this Revolution have their nature effect, that is, to shock the moral sentiments of all virtuous and sober minds, the abettors of this philosophic system immediately strain their throats in a declamation against the old monarchical government of Franceâ⬠[Burke, 1987: 108]. The ââ¬Ëterrorââ¬â¢ poses a number of problems for Burke. It was a period of history ââ¬â contemporary as he writes this work, where freedom was equated with a complete disregard for ââ¬Å"moral sentiments of all virtuous and sober mindsâ⬠. For Burke, the lack of hie rarchy and political authority, results in barbarous extremes or indeed, chaos. He does equivocate in his condemnation of this situation, but what is important, is that it informs his judgment of what ââ¬Ëthe state of natureââ¬â¢ or a ââ¬Ëstate without authorityââ¬â¢ is characteristic of. As a subject of Britain, he raises much concerning the Revolution of 1688, but sees a far more positive outcome. The ââ¬ËGlorious Revolutionââ¬â¢ in Britain, brought about the institution of Parliament, and for Burke the English predilection to constitutional authority, is much preferred to the terror in this respect. Aside from the extremes of the ââ¬Ëterrorââ¬â¢, he views greater autonomy and freedom with cultural and not simply political repercussions. In this sense, he might be regarded as a Platonist or an elitist. That is, a hierarchy must be maintained not simply to exert direct political control or authority, but also to convey a moral standard or what might be descr ibed as a standard of ââ¬Ëtasteââ¬â¢, so to speak. By this, it is implied to the extent that he is critical of the ââ¬Ëdecadenceââ¬â¢ that greater freedom and autonomy (especially in Britain) has brought about. One could describe this social criticism as essentially a critique of the ââ¬Ënouveau richeââ¬â¢, over and against the preferred sentiments of aristocratic values. Concerning the nouveau riche, for example, he asserts: ââ¬Å"Why should the expenditure of a great landed property, which is a dispersion of the surplus product of the soil, appear intolerable to you or to me when it takes its course through the accumulation of vast libraries [Burke, 1987: 142]. The freedom of the many ââ¬â or, even a ââ¬Ëselectââ¬â¢ many (e.g. the Bourgeoisie) is a condition which Burke is deeply critical of.. The above passage suggests that ââ¬Ëwealthââ¬â¢ or ââ¬Å"surplusâ⬠is better spent on the preservation of libraries than on the forms of entertainmen t that appealed to the growing middle classes. The status quo for Burke, is a hierarchy which is not merely constitutional, but also social. His criticism of freedom is thus political and social. Thus, the undermining of authority for Burke, can be understood as extending from both direct (the terror) and indirect forms (cultural, e.g. the ââ¬Ënouveau richeââ¬â¢), and in both senses, he regards the consequences as central with respect to what he does regard as the proper political authorit Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12583708789555234926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3853598150538747303.post-47168209085454758302020-02-06T03:26:00.001-08:002020-02-06T03:26:03.403-08:00The Eye of the Beholder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsThe Eye of the Beholder - Essay Example Similarly, humans are the only creation of God that can think, verbalize, communicate, and value things. Since the inception of time and development of human race, the notion of value emerged as humans were able to reason and none other species on Earth could do so. Yet, animals live by instincts and survival keeps them active for life (Brady,2003). Humans are the only being that can sense, reason, judge, plan, and proclaim the worth of nature. Rolston suggested that humans have started valuing things on Earth, as they started valuing gold so it became worthy and they proclaimed that coal is not a valued rock so it became worthless. Similarly, diamond is considered precious and coal in comparison to it is valueless. Naess suggests that humans should live in equilibrium with nature as both are of same value. However, I do not agree with it, humans determine value of nature and whatever is in it. thus, humans are worthwhile and come before any other species of the world. However, nature is also an essential need for survival of humans. Thus, if it is not preserved, its decline will result in the decline of humans them Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12583708789555234926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3853598150538747303.post-90922968694142827692020-01-28T16:02:00.001-08:002020-01-28T16:02:03.394-08:00Vandetta and Tell -Tale Heart Essay Example for Free Vandetta and Tell -Tale Heart Essay This study involves two stories- ââ¬ËA Vandettaââ¬â¢ and ââ¬ËThe Tell-Tale Heartââ¬â¢, in which the characters believe that they should get rid of the causes of trouble to them in order to have peace. This study compares similarities and differences between the two essays. 2. 0 Summary of ââ¬Ëa Vandettaââ¬â¢ Paolo Saveriniââ¬â¢s widow lived with her son in a little house on the outskirts of Bonifaco town. The widowââ¬â¢s house rested on the edge of a cliff and it had three windows that gave way to the harassing wind from the sea. Saveriniââ¬â¢s wife and her son Antoine had a pet dog which was known Semillante. Semillante was large and thin, with shaggy hair that resembled that of the sheep. While alive, Saverini used Semillante for hunting. Antoine Saverini was stabbed to death by Nicolas Ravolati following an argument between them. Nicolas then decided to run away from the vicinity to Sardinia after committing the murder. The body of Antoine was carried home by road passers-by. Antoineââ¬â¢s death grieved her mother so much; she was left with no one to stay with except the howling dog. Semillante also sobbed for her master, she remained standing at the foot of the bed staring at Antonioââ¬â¢s body that was full of clots of blood. He was buried the following day and that marked the end of talk about him in Bonifaco; the mother however, promised revenge against his son. Antonio had neither brother nor sister; no man was left to carry on the ââ¬Ëvendettaââ¬â¢, apart from his old mother who sat all day long pondering over the revenge. Since she had sworn over the dead body that he was going to avenge his son, he had to do it anyway. She thought of an idea of making Semillante be a ferocious savage. The next day she went to church to pray so that God could give her the necessary strength to avenge her son. Mother Saverini made a human figure out of straw and used it as a model to train her dog on how to pounce and kill humans. When the right time came, Mother Saverini took her dog with her to Sardini where she asked to be showed Nicolas Ravolatiââ¬â¢s house. On being directed to bite Nicolas, the dog seized him on his throat and tore it out into ribbons. The old woman went home that evening and she slept well. 3. 0 Summary of ââ¬ËTell-Tale Heartââ¬â¢ The persona, who is the narrator in the story, has an idea that haunts him day and night. There is an old man in the neighborhood who he thinks he dislikes because of his vulture-like pale blue eye, with a film over it, which scares him. He therefore made up his mind to do away with the man so that he can stop seeing the ââ¬Ëbadââ¬â¢ eye forever. Not because he disliked the man, in fact, he had no desire for his wealth and the man had never wronged him either. In his chase to get the eye from the old man, the persona crept into the old manââ¬â¢s house at midnight with a dark lantern so that no light shone out. He did this for seven long nights, but he found the old manââ¬â¢s eye closed. This made his work harder for he was just after the old manââ¬â¢s evil eye. However during the day he kept good relation with the old man, inquiring he had passed on the night. Therefore, it was hard for the old man to suspect that the persona was after his life. On the eighth day, the persona in the story crept into the old manââ¬â¢s house and the old man made some movement in bed, however this did not stop the persona from advancing towards his subject. As he attempted to open the door, the old yelled out: ââ¬Å"whoââ¬â¢s there? â⬠he kept still without moving. After waiting for a long while, he got into the old manââ¬â¢s house but refrained and kept still, breathing scarcely. The old manââ¬â¢s heart was beating loud, so his enemy used this as a strategy to kill him. He reasoned that since the heart beat was so loud, the sound would be heard by neighbors; so that it could be said he died of old age. He thus threw his lantern and rushed to the old man and dragged him to the floor and pulled the heavy bed over him. He removed the bed and examined the corpse-the old man was dead, his eye would not trouble him anymore. He cut off the arms, head and the legs of the corpse, and he deposited all between the scantlings. Then he replaced the planks that no one could detect. But as he was rejoicing over his victory police officers came, for the neighbors had alerted them. The persona could not conceal the murder he had committed; it haunted him. 4. 0 Qualities of ââ¬Ëa Vendettaââ¬â¢ The title ââ¬Ëa Vendettaââ¬â¢ runs throughout the whole story. After the death of Saverini and his son Antonio, there remains only one Vendetta- mother Saverini. She fights to the end and ensures she revenges for his late son, Antonio. There is proper placement of characters, plot, conflict and climax: In the story characters are placed such that at the end of the story, there is one character remaining who is a victor Saveriniââ¬â¢s widow; though at the beginning of the story all her family members die and leave her alone as a vendetta. The language is clear. It gives the reader ample time to analyze the story due to the flow of ideas, hence, creating an impact in the story. 5. 0 Qualities of ââ¬ËTell-Tale Heartââ¬â¢ Concept development: The author first introduces the idea and outlines it before giving the whole narration. In paragraph two of the story the author gives an overview of what the speaker in the story is about to do and the reasons behind the actions. Then he explains how he goes into doing each and every single activity due to the reasons given. Hence one is able to connect the sequence of activities from the beginning to the end of the story. The plot/story line: is sustained right from the beginning of the story. One is carried through the whole story and wonders why the persona in the story had to commit murder as a solution to what seems minor and thereafter get haunted; or might even have gone to jail. Dialogue: The dialogue in the story is like a real conversation. Narrating the story through the persona adds more value by drawing more attention to who is speaking in the story. Similarities between the two stories: The two tittles, ââ¬Ëa vendettaââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëthe tell-tale heartââ¬â¢ are relevant to the stories and they run through the two stories. The two stories have the same basic formatting /layout style. The key characters in the two stories are after revenge: In the Vendetta the widow seeks to revenge for his son who was murdered and she successfully accomplishes it. In the Tell-Tale Heart, the speaker in the story wants to kill an old man since one of his eyes resembles that of a vulture, and he didnââ¬â¢t like the way he looked at him; he murders the old man. In both stories there is murder. Conclusion The characters in the Tell-Tale heart are not given names; hence itââ¬â¢s hard to classify the story. Naming of characters in the Vendetta story makes it more defined and easy to understand. In the Tell-Tale heart story, there is introduction to the concept in story whereas in the Vendetta, introduction to the story is based on the setting of the story. Reference: Classic short stories, (2007): Retrieved on 3rd February 2009 from: http://www. classicshorts. com/index. shtml. Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12583708789555234926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3853598150538747303.post-27622054919589468302020-01-20T12:26:00.001-08:002020-01-20T12:26:02.887-08:00What Ruined Ralph and Jacks Friendship in Lord of the Flies :: essays research papersLord of the flies essay Q: at the start of the novel we are told: ââ¬ËRalph and jack smiled at each other with shy liking.ââ¬â¢ yet by the end they are mortal enemies. What happens to ruin their friendship? Ralph and jack are friends at the start of the story. They are both the oldest boys on the island and they both have a high level of admiration from the boys at the beginning. Ralph got all the boys together when he had established the conch, which straightaway got him the boys respect. However jack is the head boy at school and is the boss of the choir. Ralph is chosen by the boys as leader, even though they both wanted to be chief. Ralph was tactful enough to consider jack to a vital job, so he asks him to be leader of the hunters. this is what makes them see each other with a shy liking: they have both benefited from power and respect. However Ralph and jack have different notions as Ralph is more sensible he sets his mind on everyone surviving and then getting rescued. He constructs shelters and manages to keep a fire going. Ralph is thinking and caring for everyone. Nevertheless jack is single minded in his pursuit of the pigs. He mainly hunts and then kills a pig for food as he states he loves hunting. ââ¬ËA compulsion to track down and kill that was swallowing him upââ¬â¢ This is the meaning of jacks wish that he gives into to instead of doing what he was supposed to do such as help Ralph with work like the fire and shelters. ââ¬Ënow the antagonism was audibleââ¬â¢ indicates Ralph dislikes this and therefore bears a grudge as only Simon helps then goes off to a hiding place. Although Ralph and jack start to dislike things about each other they still resolve in being friends. Bewilderedly they know thereââ¬â¢s conflict between them. jack takes his choir to hunt and leaves the fire which goes out and at that moment a ship sails by, then jack arrives back with his choir following, he proudly shows Ralph a dead sow that they killed. Ralph is furious and exhibits real despair at the passing of the ship, possibly, as he begins to feel the pressure of his overall responsibility for the boys. Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12583708789555234926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3853598150538747303.post-17499552314583755962020-01-12T08:50:00.001-08:002020-01-12T08:50:03.460-08:00Religion and Education InstitutionsSince the beginning of mankind, every civilization shows evidence of some sort of the religion and education institutions. These institutions are essential to organized human society. From teaching your grandson to assemble a tomahawk to worshipping the Greek god of war, people show religion and education in many different ways. What does it mean to be religious? It means almost everything because religions deal with the whole of human life and death. For centuries people have searched for the meaning and truth of their own nature and the nature of the universe. Religions are the result. We view religions as communities of people who share practices and beliefs, who gather together in special buildings to worship, and who have a special way of living. More then three-quarters of the worldâ⬠s population consider themselves members of some time of religion. Religion deals with almost all aspects of human life. It may have influence in marriage, work, and even food. Religion has been around for thousands of years and it will continue for many more. There are thousands of religions and thousand more subdivisions of those. Religions are divided mainly into ancient and modern religions. Not to say that the ââ¬Å"modernâ⬠religions just originated in the past couple years, just they are still practiced in present times. Some of the ancient religions include Egyptian, Zoroastrianism, Greek, Roman, Norse, and Celtic. The beliefs of these religions vary greatly and you could write a paper on each one. Among the main modern religions, Christianity and Islam are the most popular throughout the world. Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Judaism, and many others are still practiced throughout the world. Hinduism and Buddhism are mainly practiced in the Far East. Christianity is most common among English speaking countries. Islam is the primary religion in the African continent. There are thousands of variations of the religions that I have named previously. Religion and power have been closely related in the past millenium. Powerful leaders have taken advantage of peopleâ⬠s religion. Religion has to do with ones mind and if a leader controls religion, he controls the mind of his followers. In the past, priests and church leaders played important roles in the government. These roles gave them power and influence over the following people. The caste system in India places priests and other people with religious prowess on the top rung of society. In the Vatican City, the pope runs the whole country. He is also the leader of the Catholic Church. This shows the relationship between power and the church. In many tribal societies, the medicine man or religious leader is well respected among his brethren. This is because of his involvement with religion. Fundamentally, if you control your peopleâ⬠s mind, then you also control their body. Many religious leaders have abused their powers in the past and have been involved in brutal religious battles. The leaders in the churches gain power and develop a state of dictatorship. They go to war for their god. The crusades were a violent conflict, which occurred between two separate religions. This particular conflict was between the Christians and the Islamic people. The Muslims took over Jerusalem and the Christians spent years trying to recover the center of their religion. In more recent times the Jews were persecuted because of their religion. Hitler ordered the massacres of millions of people because of their religious beliefs. Many people have died sacrificing themselves for their religion. That is how powerful the institution of religion really is. Religion affects many things and United States politics are no exception. The churches try to influence who gets elected. They support candidates to further their beliefs. For example: abortion, euthanasia, and homosexuality are current issues that churches are trying to have an impact on. They may contribute money, educate their members one way or another, and have rallies in their church. For these reasons, many politicians try to gain support from religious supporters. Several trends are showing throughout the world. Many religious people feel the quality of religious education in schools is unacceptable and therefore take it upon themselves to teach their children. This system is known as homeschooling. This has been becoming more and more popular every year. Another trend is the increase of nondenominational churches. These churches lack the title of Baptist, Lutheran, and such. The reason for this may be the harsh treatment of others from denomination to denomination. Another main institution among families throughout the world is education. There are many different types of education. Public, private, and traditional are the most common forms of education. Public Education consists of a government sponsored schooling system, which is available to all people of the community. Some feel that this system is lacking, because they have no accountability. However, it does provide an education to everyone, rich or poor. The private school system is a business institution that does not receive support from the government. The parents pay to put their children in these institutions. The disadvantage of this system is the cost. They have to pay for public school in addition to the private school tuition. The advantage is it places kids of the highest capability and places them together. This maximizes learning potential. The traditional education system is most popular in small villages and undeveloped nations. This education would be your parents or elder teaching you the essentials to life. Your dad would take you out and show you how to hunt; your mother would show you how to cook. This educational system is very limited, because you would only learn as much as your teacher knows. Public education was developed to expand the knowledge of United States citizens. The idea behind it was to give everyone an equal opportunity to learn. Before this time only the rich had the luxury of education. Everyone in the country pays taxes in order to support the institution. This money is used to develop schools and pay teachers. In turn, anyone can enroll in the school without any additional fees. This system is based on an equal opportunity theory. Everyone has the opportunity to learn if they have the desire. In the movie, School Ties, a boy experiences the prejudice of a private religious school. He was from the lower class among society and that put him at a disadvantage. People did not give him respect because of how little his dad makes. He was used to going to a public school, so he had not experienced the close bonds to his classmates that occurs in private institutions. He managed alright in the beginning until religion came up. He was Jewish and the school he attended was Catholic. These religions conflict and he was discriminated against for his beliefs. He lost friends and respect because he believed differently. Whenever people are different, they suffer discrimination. This proved true in School Ties. Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12583708789555234926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3853598150538747303.post-27691787233757530652020-01-04T05:13:00.001-08:002020-01-04T05:13:04.133-08:00Health Fitness - 924 Words Health Fitness Industry Health and Fitness are a big aspect in the world today. This industry has had an incredible amount of growth over the past 30 years. The industry first became popular in the 1970 s, with the idea that it would not always be popular. Most Americans rate their physical and emotional health as a top personal priority. This industry has two major demographic groups; The Boomers and the Gen Y generation. The main reason why the Industry has grown and is still growing is because people are becoming more aware of the importance to stay healthy and fit. Health and fitness clubs were small and only consisted of tennis and racquetball during the 1960 s. The populations for theses clubs were minimal to members. Theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Through out the world there will is always news on health and fitness, it is ever changing. Whether if there is a new diet to help lose weight, a new invention to keep people fit or, new discoveries from research on a disease, health and fitness, will be a part of human life. Technology is consciousness-expanding, not only in health and fitness field, but in just about every aspect of life. When technology is applied to this industry, it is a furtherance to inform people all over the country (and world) along with it being a benefit for expanding and advertising an establishment. Issues containing weight control, fitness, and nutrition are a prime subject in today s culture. Completive companies are existent and they have many different levels of health clubs and fitness centers; this contain s everything thing from price, equipment, staff , activities and classes offered. In the present time, topics being subjected through the industry are; disease control and research, diet and fitness trends of 2005, performance running, life balance, eating and sleeping right, working out according to personality and foods to lower cholesterol. Many people from The States are on a constant search for what is new, healthy and trendy. Health and fitness clubs were put in our society to make people feel and look good, and now not only are they there for that but they are making a large profit asShow MoreRelatedFitness And Health Centered Lifestyle1210 Words à |à 5 Pages The New Year has arrived, and with it, a deluge of New Yearââ¬â¢s resolutions. Many of these resolutions are fitness based. In fact, 27%, the majority, of all resolutions are directly related to a fitness and health centered lifestyle (statisticbrain.com). People want to start exercising, but for many of them, it is unclear where they should start. 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There areRead MoreFitness Industry General Information : Gym, Health And Fitness Club1451 Words à |à 6 Pages Fitness industry general information: â⬠¢ Gym, Health fitness club â⬠¢ Personal Trainer service â⬠¢ Sauna â⬠¢ Meal and beverage Fitness industry trends: â⬠¢ Yoga studio â⬠¢ Technology system â⬠¢ Clean foods delivery â⬠¢ Mobile health applications Sources you used to find this information: â⬠¢ articles and advertisements: Advertising on internet. Ex, Google searching fitness plan or YouTube searching fitness plan. â⬠¢ clients and suppliers: â⬠¢ Suppliers who can give you a useful information about diet. â⬠¢ Ex, Client Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12583708789555234926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3853598150538747303.post-9850185051368184182019-12-27T01:39:00.001-08:002019-12-27T01:39:03.983-08:00The Law Of Inchoate Crimes Essay - 1589 Words The law of inchoate crimes precludes conduct preparatory to however coordinate toward the commission of a wrongdoing. The inchoate wrongdoings are endeavor - activity toward the commission of a wrongdoing; trick - consent to carry out a wrongdoing; and requesting - actuation of another to perpetrate a wrongdoing. no government basic law exists to oversee such wrongdoings, and present elected statutes treat inchoate offenses erratically. Obligation for an inchoate offense would center not on the threat introduced to the general population but rather on the performer s sign of criminal plan. Endeavor would be defined as a considerable step that firmly substantiates the criminal motivation behind the on-screen character. Connivance would be reclassified as the on-screen character s consent to the criminal reason in addition to some demonstration according to the intrigue that sets up that a scheme is in progress. Requesting would require circumstances that emphatically authenticate the performer s expectation to induce someone else to carry out a wrongdoing. 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They also sought to protect the safety of the public by allowing police officers to stop the continuance of criminal activity. Attempted murder is the incomplete act of trying to kill someone. It is a serious criminal offense that in all but a few cases of mitigating circumstances can result in substantial prison time (www.attorneys.com). Attempt is when a person, with the intent to commit an offense,Read MoreThe Process Of Solving Crime1113 Words à |à 5 PagesHow to Solve Crime I. Do you believe in Justice? II. Today we will be talking about the process of solving crime III. Because I am in college to study Criminal Justice with the intentions of pursuing a career in Forensic and Criminal Investigations, I feel confident in telling you about what I have learned so far dealing with Crimes and how to solve them. IV. In order to explain the process of investigating and solving a crime, we will look at the differentRead MoreThe United States And The Criminal Justice System Essay1662 Words à |à 7 Pages500 percent.According to The Sentencing Project, the explanation of this significant rise in incarceration lies in sentencing laws like mandatory minimums and cutbacks in parole release, not necessarily a rise in crime rate.Mandatory minimums can be perceived as unjust because they generalize all crimes by creating an equal amount of punishment for different and unequal crimes. This contributes to the overcrowding of jails because it forces people into jail for the same amount of time despite their Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12583708789555234926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3853598150538747303.post-32936404648701553222019-12-18T21:27:00.001-08:002019-12-18T21:27:03.117-08:00How Will the New Technologies Aid the Environment and... As technology advances you cant help but ask yourself the question that with a constantly developing world will how will the increase of new technologies aid the environment and standard of living? It is very difficult to predict the approaching future but not impossible1. All of the predictions made will be based off of trends in the environment and technology and the relationship they have to each other2. It will be an analysis of the impacts of past technological developments, changes in consumerââ¬â¢s choices, and the environmental regulations3. The developments in technology throughout the world will come with some subsequent positive and negative impacts to the environment and humanââ¬â¢s standard of living. In some instances the increase of peoples standard of living results in diminishing the environment. For example as the population exponential increases energy demand will too, resulting in an extreme increase in Nitrous oxide emissions4. There is also a backside to t he fluctuation of peopleââ¬â¢s quality of life. As technology advances machines will eventually replace humans from their jobs due to efficiency5. As unemployment increases people will be forced to look for lower jobs with less income because the higher jobs will be more competitive and require more qualification. Several Scientific and Technological Advancements are designed around enhancing the environment and life as a whole. Such as Renewable energy, GEOââ¬â¢s, and possible new technologies designed to repair theShow MoreRelatedTrying to Erradicate Poverty and Extreme Poverty1351 Words à |à 5 Pagesthis inequality while the poor suffer. One way to raise the standard of living in a country would be through economic development. The Global North was able to achieve this economic development through the boom of technological progress during the Industrial Revolution. This economic growth catapulted these countries into the modern age while poor countries were left in the dust. As these countries got richer, the standard of living for their citizens increased dramatically. The rise of the richRead MoreThe 21st Century874 Words à |à 4 Pagesalso what we actually think with - our own individual minds. This paper will express personal beliefs on what will occur in the 21st century, such as, technology, medical sector, and living environments. Technology plays an important role in the 21st century. Modern advancements have made human lives much easier. The hypothesis is that technology is one of the most important creations in the history of humanity. Computers and machine operators have allowed for the streamlining of both menial tasksRead MoreGlobalization of education Globalization has been of the leading factor in the spread of formal800 Words à |à 4 PagesIn saying so, education itself would also not be able to effectively be the means to develop a country. Globalization is the key factor that aids the spread of education, and increases its pervasiveness within a given country. An in depth look at three components, will better explain the use of globalization in spreading education and the resulting end of how each of these components have usefully change the way education spreads. First of all, the most significant and most powerful component completelyRead MoreInternational Business: A Questionnaire1056 Words à |à 4 Pagesprogressive ecological, impact. The growth of scientific inventions and technology is accompanied with environmental pollution, overutilization of natural resources, and global warming effect among others. Though some may argue that, with the advancement of technology and scientific intervention, there will be less interference with the environment due to the production of new technology, which is less, destructive to the environment; this is untrue because some of the effects mentioned are commonly seenRead MoreBiomedical Appliances And The Destruction They Bring1385 Words à |à 6 Pageshave the potential to cause harm to the environment. They have to be treated with such caution and have drastic disposal measures in place to make sure no damage is done to the environment. Yes, these steps are incredibly important with devices such as these, but why use a product with such devastating potential? With todayââ¬â¢s modern technology and brilliant scientists should put more effort into creating more environmentally friendly biomedical technology whilst still having the same benefits. Read MoreModern Technology And Its Effect On Society1439 Words à |à 6 PagesModern Technology Modern technology is machinery that makes peopleââ¬â¢s lives easier and convenient. In todayââ¬â¢s fast paced society modern technology plays the most important role in society. Technology surrounds almost everywhere and everyone in modern society. We can say this time as the technological age because of the todayââ¬â¢s dependence on technology. Technological products are available everywhere and everyone is using it. We are living in the 21st century, time of science and modern technology andRead More Reduction of Natural Resources Essay1224 Words à |à 5 Pagesdevelopment mythâ⬠as explained by Maria Mies and Vandana Shiva in Ecofeminism, is the idea that underdeveloped countries (meaning, countries that do not equal or exceed the industrial capabilities of modernized counties like the U.S.), through modern technology, are given equal opportunity to become as economically progressive as other countries like the U.S. It is a false precept in many ways. The U.S. has become a model for industrial countries because it has exploited other underdeveloped countriesRead MoreA Experiment On Oil, Vinegar, And Laundry Detergent1677 Words à |à 7 Pagesvinegar, and laundry detergent contaminates the waterââ¬â¢s texture, context, and appearance that create a disruption in the water cycle, nutrient, and chemicals that effect an ecosystem by disrupting the tropic levels which is essential for survival in living and nonliving organism based on the observation to the solutionââ¬â¢s content and the filtration process in experiment A that is noted in Table A. The results in beaker 2 8 in Table A display by observation disruption in texture, color, and odor fromRead MoreConstruction Supervision And Construction Of Construction Essay1009 Words à |à 5 Pagespremise of the law (Caramihai, 2008). 2. The evolution and development of construction supervision After 16th century, the traditional European architects began professionalized work dividing with the raising of requirement of civil engineering technology. It divided into design and construction and a part of the architect into teaching skill servicingà forà society and providing technical advice for the owners to solve problems, moreover, they are hired to supervise and manage of construction so thatRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Dimensions On World Health Organization Statistics1081 Words à |à 5 PagesSocial Dimension Based on World Health Organization statistics, global economic interdependence has led to an astonishing increase of the population and higher standards of living (Who.int, 2016). For instance, Lagos used to have a population of 41,000 in 1900 (Cahoon, n.d.). A century later, Lagos records an astonishing population number of 8 million (World Population Review, 2016). The traveling from one place to another resulted in denser population centers. For instance, China has 150 million Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12583708789555234926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3853598150538747303.post-40556605089439508602019-12-10T18:10:00.001-08:002019-12-10T18:10:02.625-08:00The Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass T Essay Example For Students The Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass: T Essay he Formation Of Iden The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An Analysis of the Formation of Identity You have seen how a man was made a slave; you will now see how a slave was made a man. Frederick Douglass The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave details the progression of a slave to a man, and thus, the formation of his identity. The narrative functions as a persuasive essay, written in the hopes that it would successfully lead to hastening the glad day of deliverance to the millions of his brethren in bonds (Douglass 331). As an institution, slavery endeavored to reduce the men, women, and children in bonds to a state less than human. The slave identity, according to the institution of slavery, was not to be that of a rational, self forming, equal human being, but rather, a human animal whose purpose is to work and obey the whims of their master. For these reasons, Douglass articulates a distinction between the terms man and slaves under the institution of slavery. In his narrative, Douglass describes the situations and conditions that portray the differences between the two terms. Douglass also depicts the progression he makes from internalizing the slaveholder viewpoints about what his identity should be to creating an identity of his own making. Thus, Douglass narrative depicts not simply a search for freedom, but also a search for himself through the abandonment of the slave/animal identity forced upon him by the institution of slavery. The reader is first introduced to the idea of Douglasss formation of identity outside the constraints of slavery before he or she even begins reading the narrative. By viewing the title page and reading the words The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, written by himself the reader sees the advancement Douglass made from a dependent slave to an independent author (Stone 134). As a slave, he was forbidden a voice with which he might speak out against slavery. Furthermore, the traditional roles of slavery would have had him uneducatedunable to read and incapable of writing. However, by examining the full meaning of the title page, the reader is introduced to Douglasss refusal to adhere to the slave role of uneducated and voiceless. Thus, even before reading the work, the reader knows that Douglass will show how a slave was made a man through speaking outthe symbolic act of self-definition (Stone 135). In the first chapter of the narrative, Douglass introduces the comparison between slaves and animals, writing that the larger part of the slaves know as little of their ages as horses know of theirsI do not remember to have ever met a slave who could tell of his birthday (Douglass 255). The effect of this passage, in addition to introducing the idea that slaves were considered to be no more civilized than animals, is an emphasis on Douglasss lack of a human identity. As a slave, his role was that of an animal whose purpose was to work for his master. This internalization of the animal/slave role is accentuated further when Douglass discusses the slaves notion of time as planting-time, harvest-time, cherry-time, spring-time, or fall-time (Douglass 255). The institution of slavery, which forced the comparison of slave to animal, required the slave to consider time in terms of his mastertime to work, time to plant, time to harvest. Thus, slaves were unable to utilize a concept of time of their own making to identify themselves because their concepts of time reflected what was important to their masters and not to themselves. By representing the slaves as relying on their masters wishes to identify themselves, Douglass emphasizes the comparison between slave and animals Not only does the slave concept of time reflect the desire of the masters to have the slaves view time in terms of work, but it also reflects the masters refusals to allow slaves to define themselves historically. Douglass writes that slaves were unable to articulate their ages, the dates of births and deaths of family members, and their lengths of service. .u5d6ba74feb00c9839171812f25e6571b , .u5d6ba74feb00c9839171812f25e6571b .postImageUrl , .u5d6ba74feb00c9839171812f25e6571b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5d6ba74feb00c9839171812f25e6571b , .u5d6ba74feb00c9839171812f25e6571b:hover , .u5d6ba74feb00c9839171812f25e6571b:visited , .u5d6ba74feb00c9839171812f25e6571b:active { border:0!important; } .u5d6ba74feb00c9839171812f25e6571b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5d6ba74feb00c9839171812f25e6571b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5d6ba74feb00c9839171812f25e6571b:active , .u5d6ba74feb00c9839171812f25e6571b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5d6ba74feb00c9839171812f25e6571b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5d6ba74feb00c9839171812f25e6571b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5d6ba74feb00c9839171812f25e6571b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5d6ba74feb00c9839171812f25e6571b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5d6ba74feb00c9839171812f25e6571b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5d6ba74feb00c9839171812f25e6571b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5d6ba74feb00c9839171812f25e6571b .u5d6ba74feb00c9839171812f25e6571b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5d6ba74feb00c9839171812f25e6571b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Liberal Arts and Business Essay He is also unable to form his identity based on familial relations. Suspecting only that . Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12583708789555234926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3853598150538747303.post-32611135657289290972019-12-03T05:52:00.001-08:002019-12-03T05:52:03.503-08:00Management of Risk in IT Projects Complex undertakings are associated with various problems. The same is observed in information technology (IT) projects. Major problems that face organizations in the IT sector are mainly liked to budgets, schedules, and quality management. Several approaches have been developed to deal with such issues. They include, among others, ââ¬Ërescue the problem projectââ¬â¢ and the catastrophe disentanglement approaches.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Management of Risk in IT Projects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Addressing Troubled IT Projects Rescue the Problem Project The approach was developed by Todd C. Williams. It does not focus on the development of processes that aid in the running of the problematic project. On the contrary, it seeks to establish the root cause of the problem. As such, a failing undertaking is transformed into a success. The main task is to acknowledge the presence of the problem (W illiams, 2011). The approach proposes four major steps to help in the recovery of projects. They include audit, analysis, negotiation, and execution phases. The audit process helps the project manager to assess the extent of the problem. The analysis helps to determine issues associated with the processes, technology, and people. More emphasis is put on people. At the same time, dynamics around the problem are identified. The negotiation process is guided by the project manager. The administrator acts as a mediator between the stakeholders (Williams, 2011). As such, transforming red projects into successful undertakings is a team effort. Execution is the final step, which involves solving the problem identified. Efforts are made to prevent the occurrence of the same issues. Catastrophe Disentanglement Approach The strategy was developed by Bennatan. It is aimed at preventing the escalation of problems within projects. It is mainly concerned with undertakings involving the developmen t of software (Bennatan, 2006). Major problems facing such projects include quality, schedule, and cost. The approach places more emphasis on the roles of two key individuals. The two are the project manager (a senior official within the firm) and the evaluator (Bennatan, 2006). The approach proposes ten steps to help resolve the issues facing a project. To begin with, all activities are halted. An evaluator is then assigned. Evaluation of the project status then commences. The team dealing with the undertaking is also evaluated. Minimum goals are defined. An analysis is then carried out to determine whether they are achievable or not. The next step involves rebuilding the team. Risk analysis is conducted by the new team. The team later revises the initial plan (Widman, 2008). Finally, early warning systems are put in place to avert future problems.Advertising Looking for essay on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn M ore Similarities and Differences between the Two Approaches Similarities Both strategies focus on the need to establish the root cause of the problem. The assumption is that the underlying issues can only be resolved by first identifying the source of the problem. In both approaches, projects are halted to allow time for the problem to be resolved. The aim is to avoid further complication that may be tough to address (Bennatan, 2006; Williams, 2011). The two approaches also stress on the need to put in place measures to avoid the occurrence of similar problems. Differences The ââ¬Ërescue the problem projectââ¬â¢ approach focuses more on people than on technology and processes. Team work is encouraged (Williams, 2011). On its part, the catastrophe disentanglement approach pays more attention to processes and technology. Only the project manager and evaluator are deeply involved in decision making (Bennatan, 2006). Furthermore, the ââ¬Ërescue the problem projectââ¬â¢ app roach emphasizes on the establishment of internal mechanisms to address problems. The evaluator used in the catastrophe disentanglement approach is, however, an outsider. They are sought to oversee the successful solving of the problem identified. Catastrophic IT Projects Key Findings about the IBM Stretch Project The undertaking is one of the biggest IT catastrophes in history (Widman, 2008). It commenced in 1965. Its goal was to produce the fastest supercomputer of the time. The decision was arrived at after the top management felt that the company was lagging behind in terms of technological advancement. The type 704 and 705 computers that had been developed by the organization failed to place it at the top of key innovators in the industry (Goth, 2012). Speed was one of the greatest factors that determined the success of computer systems. As a result, the management felt that the firm could only enhance its competitiveness by developing a faster system than the 704 and 705. Cons equently, the Stretch project was started to develop the 7030 model. Dunwell was the projectââ¬â¢s chief engineer. He was quoted stating that the new model would be up to 100 times faster than its predecessor (Widman, 2008). The price of the system was set at $13.5 million. However, the project was not as successful as anticipated. The Stretch super computer was only 30-40 times faster than the 705 model. Subsequently, IBM was forced to lower the prices of these systems to $7.8 million. The amount was not enough to cater for the expenses incurred during its development (Goth, 2012). As such, the project was abandoned after only nine systems had been developed. The failure helped to shape the IT sector today.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Management of Risk in IT Projects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Bennatan, E. (2006). Catastrophe disentanglement: Getting software projects back on track. Upp er Saddle River, NJ: Addison-Wesley Professional. Goth, G. (2012). An overview of the IBM Power 775 Supercomputer water cooling system. Journal of Electronic Packaging, 134(2), 20906. Widman, J. (2008). ITââ¬â¢s biggest project failures, and what we can learn from them. Retrieved from https://www.computerworld.com/article/2533563/it-s-biggest-project-failuresââ¬â-and-what-we-can-learn-from-them.html Williams, T. (2011). Rescue the problem project a complete guide to identifying, preventing, and recovering from project failure. New York: AMACOM. This essay on Management of Risk in IT Projects was written and submitted by user Jaelynn W. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12583708789555234926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3853598150538747303.post-45709830387648397122019-11-27T11:36:00.001-08:002019-11-27T11:36:03.933-08:00Slaver and Politics essaysSlaver and Politics essays The extent to which the debate over slavery was not really about black people but about whites can be seen politically, socially, religiously and economically. Slavery affecting politics is demonstrated politically in the Lincoln-Douglas debates. The real arguments were over which side, the north or the south, would gain more power from slavery by making it either a slave state or a free state. Douglas argued that slaves were not equal to whites in any fashion and they should not be free, which would give them a chance to be equal. Douglas states, I believe this government was made on the white basis. He further states, I believe it was made by white men, for the benefit of white men and their prosperity for ever, and I am in favor for continuing citizenship to white men, men out of European birth and decent, instead of conferring it upon Negros, Indians and other inferior races. He attempts to degrade the blacks by deciphering the constitution in his own opinion. He feels the signers of the declaration of independents never dreamed of the Negro when they were writing that document. (1). He goes on to say, Do you believe that ever yone who signed the declaration of independents declared the Negro his equal and then was hypocrite enough to hold him as a slave, in violation of what he believed to be the divine law? Lincoln agreed that blacks were inferior yet insisted that this in no way should stand in the way of their natural rights (2). He does not feel that they are worthy of being coworkers with whites but feels they should not be slaves. Lincoln states, I am not, nor ever have been, in favor of making voters or jurors of Negros, nor of qualifying them to hold office, not to intermarry with white people, and I will say in addition to this that there is a physical difference between the white and black races which I believe will forbid the two races living together on... Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12583708789555234926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3853598150538747303.post-79841670999604561492019-11-23T19:10:00.001-08:002019-11-23T19:10:03.428-08:00Personal and PersonallyPersonal and Personally Personal and Personally Personal and Personally By Maeve Maddox Among the most popular words in common discourse these days are personal and personally. A web search for personal brings up more than 900 million hits. Overused crazy, with 274 million, doesnââ¬â¢t come close. Bloggers and commenters use personal and personally with abandon: In my personal opinion, the reading comprehension section is the most difficult to study for and to succeed in. I personally donââ¬â¢t know why she went out with him in the first place. I personally find myself to be quite hilarious. This is just my own personal opinion so I am sorry if I offended you. Various businesses offer customers ââ¬Å"personal diets,â⬠ââ¬Å"personal checks,â⬠and ââ¬Å"personal financial plans.â⬠Experts of this and that encourage people to develop ââ¬Å"personal strengthsâ⬠and ââ¬Å"personal styles.â⬠So, when are the words personal and personally called for, and when are they redundant or incorrect? 1. Personally is used correctly when a person does something that ordinarily would be done by a minion: Eric Holder Personally Signed warrant to search James Rosenââ¬â¢s emails. Danny Zarka is first in line to collect his PS3 in Sydney, which was handed to him personally by Sonys local managing director. 2. Personally is redundant when used to modify an action that requires the presence of the person doing it: My son shook hands personally with Tony Danza. (The speakerââ¬â¢s son had to be present to shake hands.) 3. The expressions ââ¬Å"my personal opinionâ⬠and ââ¬Å"I personally thinkâ⬠are not only redundant, they weaken whatever statement they relate to and do nothing to mitigate the personââ¬â¢s responsibility for the opinion. Note: The only time ââ¬Å"I personallyâ⬠makes sense is when the speaker has acted in contradiction of his own views. For example, ââ¬Å"I voted to permit drilling, but I personally believe that fracking causes dangerous earth disturbances.â⬠4. The phrase ââ¬Å"my own personal opinionâ⬠piles redundancy upon redundancy. The adjective personal means ââ¬Å"individual, private, oneââ¬â¢s own.â⬠The adjective own means ââ¬Å"possessed or owned by the person or thing indicated by the preceding noun, pronoun, or possessive adjective.â⬠It is sufficient to say ââ¬Å"in my opinion.â⬠5. Personal is sometimes used where the word personalized would be more appropriate. A ââ¬Å"personal trainerâ⬠makes sense. In the context of ââ¬Å"personal trainer,â⬠ââ¬Å"personal assistant,â⬠or ââ¬Å"personal maid,â⬠the personal designates an employee attached to someone in a close or exclusive subordinate capacity. In the case of ââ¬Å"personal diets,â⬠ââ¬Å"personal checks,â⬠and ââ¬Å"personal financial plans,â⬠however, the sense is that the diets, checks, and financial plans will be designed to meet individual requirements, hence personalized: ââ¬Å"Identifiable as belonging to a particular person or organization, especially by being marked with a name or set of initials. Also: designed or produced to meet individual requirements; customized. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:36 Adjectives Describing LightUsing the Active Voice to Strengthen Your WritingLetter Writing 101 Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12583708789555234926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3853598150538747303.post-87987993876836504342019-11-21T05:39:00.001-08:002019-11-21T05:39:08.204-08:00Psychology (Clinical depression) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsPsychology (Clinical depression) - Essay Example (Robinson, Berman, Neimeyer, 1990) Depression can appear at any age, but it is prevalent now among children and adolescents, especially when they are the offspring of adults with depression. It can also strike late in life and its symptoms of impaired memory, slow speech and slowed movement can be mistaken for those of senility or stroke. Psychological treatment of depression assists the depressed individual in several ways. First of all, it helps to ease the pain of depression with addressing the feelings of hopelessness that go along with depression. That supportive counseling changes the pessimistic ideas, unrealistic expectations, and critical self-evaluations that create depression and sustain it. A qualified therapist is to help the depressed person to recognize which life problems are critical, and which are minor, and to develop positive life goals, and a more positive self-assessment. At last, the problem solving therapy changes the areas of the person's life that are creating significant stress, and contributing to the depression. Here can be a good impact of behavioral therapy that is aimed to develop coping skills, or an impact of interpersonal therapy that assist in solving relationship problems. (Weissman M.M., Markowitz J.C., 1994) Unfortunately, in practice, many poorly trained therapists can't provide supportive counseling, that leads to little improvements in treating depression. Psychotherapy is said to be helpful while being a part of the overall treatment plan, because, as researches show that in many cases unless the depressed person with the assistance of a therapist makes critical life changes, the depression still continues. This is explained by the fact of existence of internal and external changes, when internal changes are connected with problem assessment, self-evaluation, the evaluation of others, and the expectations the depressed person has for himherself, others and about life. It is an internal factor of hisher personality where there is a need to be fastidious with oneself. External changes in this case may be needed in problem solving skills, stress management, communication skills, life management skills, and the skills needed to develop and sustain relationships. (Carlson, Martin and Buskwist, 2004) They are connected with the system 'person - environment', and development of one's interaction skills with the surrounding. The length of treatment will vary due to the severity of depression, the number and kind of life problems the person has to be solved. Many people tend to experience some relief within 6 or 10 sessions, while approximately 70-80% of the treated notice improvement only within 20-30 sessions. (Simon G.E., VonKorff M., Wagner E.H., Barlow W., 1993) Treatment sessions are usually scheduled once per week, that can be a rather unsatisfactory point for those who suffer from constant problems and need to be assisted more often. Many psychiatrists now doubt if therapy and cognitive training are as effective as dugs in the treatment of depression. Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12583708789555234926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3853598150538747303.post-10447106606678922522019-11-20T04:07:00.001-08:002019-11-20T04:07:03.881-08:00Working conditions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsWorking conditions - Coursework Example Millions of Americans have put their health on the line due to unhealthy eating habits and neglect for their healthcare needs. With the rising cost of healthcare and insurance coverage that the employers have had to shoulder recently because of the advent of the Obama Health Care Act, some of them have decided to take matters into their own hands and force their employees to become healthy for their own good and the good of the pocketbook of the company. Although their concerns are valid, the reason behind it is not. Some of them have opted to punish employees who have chosen not to participate in the company wellness programs by having them pay hefty fines. This paper will look into the legality of such actions and if it is a just punishment for an employee who does not wish to participate in the employee wellness programs. Facts and other pertinent data will be presented using various online reputable sources such as newspapers, journals, interviews, and the like. Do You Think an O verweight Employee Who Chooses Not to Participate in a Wellness Program Should be Penalized? We live in a modern society that provides us with more than ample means of living a healthy lifestyle through the proper nutrition intake, diet, and exercise. However, most people fail to take advantage of these basic opportunities presented to them. The result is a weakened state of health for the individual. As such, the individual ends up requiring much more healthcare than his insurance program can provide. Added to this 3 problem is the fact that the new health care laws of the United States has made it more difficult and expensive for the employers to keep their employees covered with ample medical insurance benefits. The continued rising cost of healthcare coverage has thus forced some employers to take the health matters of their employees in their own hands by forcing them to participate in a company mandated healthcare program or face severe penalties for non-participation. Their i ntention is clear, to keep their health care costs down, but at the expense of sticking their noses in where it does not belong, in the private lives of their employees. Their participate or pay fines choice disrespects the freedom of an individual to choose how he lives his life and how he participates in various activities. It would appear that an increasing number of companies are opting for such health care rider coverage for their employees. As many as; ââ¬Å"almost half (47%) of companies already use or plan to use financial penalties over the next three to five years on workers who donââ¬â¢t take part in health-improvement programs.â⬠(Bilski, 2010). With 81 percent of the companies punishing the non participants by; (Bilski, 2010) increasing deductibles (17%), and increasing out-of-pocket expenses (17%). However, just because the companies choose to implement such punishments does not make it right. Admittedly, these acts of forced healthcare participation are legal (Goldberg, 2012). The reason is simple, those who choose to keep themselves healthy by living properly and participating in healthcare programs should not be made to carry 4 the burden of coverage for his or her co-workers who cannot be bothered or do not care about their health. But, there is something that got lost in legal translation here. Companies are allowed to encourage employees to participate in wellness programs to a certain extent only. The rules as outlined by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission dictates that (ââ¬Å"Is My Company's Wellness Program Legal?â⬠); ââ¬Å"... an employer may conduct medical examinations and activities that are part of a voluntary wellness and health screening program. Therefore, offering employees the opportunity to voluntarily participate in health screening Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12583708789555234926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3853598150538747303.post-27391763568413161532019-11-17T16:38:00.001-08:002019-11-17T16:38:07.053-08:00The Works of Ernest Hemingway Essay Example for Free The Works of Ernest Hemingway Essay Ernest Hemingway is one of the most distinguished and seasoned American writers of all time. He was born in Oak Park, Illinois in 1899 to parents Clarence Edmonds Hemingway and Grace Hall Hemingway. He grew up and obtained primary and secondary education in Oak Park. After high school, Hemingway decided to skip college and take on a career in Journalism for the local paper of the state of Kansas. Writing for The Kansas City Star for six long months was Hemingwayââ¬â¢s first job. His experiences as a journalist for the Star contributed to his writing styles ââ¬â brief yet succinct and forceful. After the Star, Hemingway enlisted himself as a volunteer for the Red Cross Ambulance Corps during World War I. He came up close to the carnage and atrociousness of the war through his experiences and his involvement with army officers. After being wounded in the war, Hemingway returned to Oak Park where he continued his writing career for the local paper in Toronto, while also busying himself with writing novels and short stories; three of his most popular novels being ââ¬Å"A Farewell to Arms,â⬠ââ¬Å"For Whom the Bell Tolls,â⬠and ââ¬Å"The Old Man and the Sea,â⬠that were highly influenced by his experiences during the war and other personal and social events thereafter. (Wagner-Martin, 15-40) Hemingwayââ¬â¢s ingà ©nue in writing earned him various awards including the prestigious Pulitzer Price for ââ¬Å"The Old Man and the Seaâ⬠and a Nobel Prize in Literature for his numerous lifetime writing achievements. (Wagner-Martin, 16) It was Hemingwayââ¬â¢s excellent and distinct writing style and structure that earned him regard and prestige. With this in mind, the remainder of this text will look into the established writing styles and writing structure of Hemingway, which earned him honor and esteem, as evident in his three most popular works as aforementioned above. In addition, the major themes, motifs, and symbolisms present in the three novels will be compared vis-à -vis in order to determine how Hemingway solidifies his ingenuity into writing. In general, the writing style of Ernest Hemingway is considered by many of his readers and critics to be simple but articulate. A written text published by the University of North Carolina, which features the works of Hemingway, discusses the simplistic nature of his works. His choice of wordings in his works were observed to be selections of unadorned nouns, verbs, and adjectives, however, Hemingway was still able to articulate obscurely and vividly significant scenes which make up the essence of his works, particularly his novels. (Canada) For Hallengren, a writer for the Nobel Foundation, who also wrote an article that features the Nobel Prize worthy works of Hemingway, Hemingwayââ¬â¢s writing style may be labeled as ââ¬Å"hard-boiled.â⬠The ââ¬Å"hard-boiledâ⬠style was attributed to the particular era in which Hemingway lived most of his life as journalist and a novelist. This particular style was described as an inhuman, unsympathetic, and callous way of expressing views and opinions, which led the term to symbolize how pieces of literature that are direct and simple, perhaps rather frank and guileless, actually are. (Hallengren) In terms of the major themes that Hemingway uses to solidify his thoughts and ideas in his literary works, his were identified to be focused on depicting the lives of two particular groups of people. The first group of people consists of individuals who have grown insensible, unfeeling, and callous, due to the various circumstances in their lives that have caused them to lose their grip on the moral fiber that is supposed to rule or govern society and experiences that also caused them to lose heart and consequently teaching them to fend for their personal interests instead. The other group of people are those who live to fight against various circumstances and experiences that confront them. In general, the first group consists of frail or weak people who cannot seem to get past through trials and hardships and refuse to face them courageously. They surrender to circumstances, which test their strength and will to stay true to themselves and functional and valuable to the society that they live in. On the other hand, the second groups of people are those who are willing to toughen hard times out in order to emerge victorious in the end having been able to prove something to themselves and the society. (ââ¬Å"Ernest Hemingwayâ⬠) The aforementioned major themes, which Hemingway incorporates to his novels, is evident in the three widely acclaimed novels: ââ¬Å"A Farewell to Arms,â⬠ââ¬Å"For Whom the Bell Tolls,â⬠and ââ¬Å"The Old Man and the Sea.â⬠Lieutenant Frederic Henry (ââ¬Å"A Farewell to Armsâ⬠), Santiago (ââ¬Å"The Old Man and the Seaâ⬠), and Robert Jordan (ââ¬Å"For Whom the Bell Tollsâ⬠), the protagonists in these three novels, qualify as individuals who represent those who fight courageously and determinedly against unwanted or unfortunate circumstances in their lives that seem to confront their ability to control and manage such situations. However, at one point in their lives, they allowed themselves to be defeated by the difficulties, challenges, and dilemmas that they cannot seem to overcome. à Lieutenant Frederic Henry served for the Italian Army during the First World War. Like what most people expect of uniformed individuals who work for the military, he was described as callous and insensitive in carrying out his duties and responsibilities. As the war progresses and the Italian Army was slowly lead to their demise, the soldiers who fought in the war started to feel how the world is crumbling down around them. Fear, uneasiness, and aggravation of what is to come since the defeat of the Italian Army were the main catalysts for Henryââ¬â¢s display of needless violence and betrayal. (Hemingway) Santiago was an experienced fisherman. He believes in his skills and abilities as a fisherman and takes pride in his perception of his success. However, his self-assurance and pride is shattered by his failure of catching fish within the eighty-four days that he has set off to sea. He became the butt of all jokes in their village and from this unfortunate situation, he began to feel and endure the struggles and difficulties that challenge his ability to believe in himself and to appreciate the purpose or meaning of his life at an old age. (Hemingway) Robert Jordan was an American working as a professor in one of the universities in the United States. It was during the time of the Spanish war when he decided to enlist for the Republican faction of the war. Jordanââ¬â¢s motivations to put his life at risk were his belief of the purpose or cause of fighting for the stand and convictions of the Republican side of the Spanish war ââ¬â that is to fight against fascism. Jordan was assigned a bold and dangerous task that is to detonate explosives to annihilate a bridge utilized for transport by the Fascist camp that will consequently help the Republican side to get ahead of their game, which leads him to a series of circumstances and experiences that opens his eyes to the reality of the implications of the war. (Hemingway) The situations that the protagonists in Hemingwayââ¬â¢s novels find themselves in symbolizes the various personal struggles, difficulties, and challenges that individuals face everyday and the corresponding responses that people opt to act on in order to resolve them. For Henry, it was fear and the unpredictability of war that led him to feel at war with himself and the situation that he finds himself in; for Santiago, it was his loss of self-assurance that left him questioning himself as a person; and for Jordan, it was the question of whether the cause that he supports is something that he really believes in. I believe that these particular situations are explicitly revealed within the novels. These situations are set under the context personal conflicts that all individuals face each and every day of their lives, if not at one point of their lives wherein they have no choice but to endure the results or consequences of unfortunate situations. In each situation, the protagonists were shaken by the circumstances that creates a moral or ethical imbalance within themselves, stirring their values, beliefs, and personal constructs. These particular situations represent what was aforementioned of the two groups of people that constitute the major theme of Hemingwayââ¬â¢s novel. At one point in each novel, the protagonist falls under the construct of the first group of individuals who cannot seem to get over the difficulties and challenges that they experience. This seems to go on during the primary parts of the novel. However, on the latter parts, Hemingwayââ¬â¢s motif seems to change to incorporate the characteristics described for the second group of people who decides to fight courageously in order to resolve problems and difficulties or to undo the faults or mistakes that they did due to their inability to get past their personal or moral struggles. (Meyers, 35-36) Another theme or motif, as aforementioned, is the concept of love, acceptance, and sacrifice as the only way for redemption. Both Henry and Jordan fell in love with a women, which have led them to rethink all the singular details and situations that resulted to their dilemma. It seemed that loving allowed them to feel emotively and passionately about their real purpose, leading them to know what they should do in order to resolve their dilemmas. For Henry, it was his decision to leave the army, and for Jordan, it was his decision to make a sacrifice in order to prove to prove to himself the reason for his enlisting in the Republican side of the war. Santiago, on the other hand, redeemed his failures by being at peace with himself and accepting that situation that he was in at that point. (Hemingway) Overall, in comparing the three novels of Hemingway, we arrive at the conclusion that although they were set in three different situations, subject to various struggles and difficulties, the central theme boils down to the personal struggles and moral dilemmas that allows individuals to commit mistakes and question themselves. However, in the end, love, acceptance, and sacrifice will always redeem us and will finally help us in letting everything fall into the right places at the right time. Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12583708789555234926noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3853598150538747303.post-35837051442894161582019-11-15T05:10:00.001-08:002019-11-15T05:10:04.588-08:00Essay examples --Ceramics are used extensively in dental restorations because of their superior aesthetics and biocompatibility compared to metals (1). However, the brittleness of ceramics can initiate crack propagation causing failure of the restoration (2). Resin cements are used for cementing ceramic restorations because of their excellent aesthetics and mechanical properties. The cement penetrates any defects or irregularities on the ceramic surface thereby preventing propagation of cracks (3, 4, 5). Optimal clinical performance depends on sufficient resin cement polymerisation. Degree of conversion (DC) is affected by the amount of light reaching the cement which in turn, is affected by the opacity and the thickness of the ceramic as well as the thickness of the resin cement layer. Insufficient polymerisation influences both mechanical properties and clinical performance of the restoration (2, 5). Aims of this study are to see how light transmission (LT) is affected by thickness or opacity of a ceramic and how resin cements thickness affects DC. Hypotheses are: (1) LT decreases with increasing thickness or opacity (2) DC would decrease with thicker cement samples. Method Shade A1, A2, A3 and A3.5 of Base Dentine VN7 powder (Vita, Bad Sà ¤ckingen, Germany) were used. Ceramic disc thicknesses tested (measured using digital calliper) were 1.40, 1.00 and 0.60mm. Specimen preparation Twenty ceramics discs, five of each shade, were prepared by mixing 0.73g of powder with 0.29mL of Modelling Liquid (Vita, Bad Sà ¤ckingen, Germany). The mixture was placed in a 1.60mm thick metal ring on a mould assembly and vibrated for 40 seconds. The surface was levelled using a razor blade before firing the discs in a furnace (Vita Vacumat 40, Bad Sà ¤ckingen, Germ... ... the disc. LT through a ceramic disc would ultimately affect the polymerisation of resin cements. The second hypothesis that DC should decrease with increasing resin cement thickness layer is rejected as the graph showed that 1.00mm resin cement thickness had the greatest DC. A higher DC was seen with thinner resin cement specimens because there would be more LT and the photoinitiator in resin cements needs light to initiate the polymerisation reaction. A thicker resin cement layer would allow less light to reach the bottom so there would be less monomer to polymer conversion and resultantly, lower DC. However, very thin specimens may experience light reflectance which may affect the DC results. Conclusion LT through ceramics was measured and LT decreased with increasing thickness or opacity. DC appeared to increase when thicker resin cement samples were tested. Xhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12583708789555234926noreply@blogger.com0